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This is a viral particle composed of nucleic acid, capsid, envelope and glycoprotein spikes.
Virion
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subunits that make up the capsid of a virion.
capsomere
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protein coat that surrounds the genome in a viral particle.
capsid
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viral chromosomes, either RNA or DNA.
genome
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Genome and capsid of a viral particle.
Nucleocapsid
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Phenomenon in which viruses recognize their specific host tissue which thy have an affinity to infect.
Viral tropism
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Viruses in the blood
viremia
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a virus that silently reactivates resulting in virla replication and shedding without clinical symptoms
Latent virus
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Site where virus may lay dormant without clinical manifestation.
site of latency
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inflammation of the liver tissue.
hepatitis
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stimulates uncontrolled growth of host cells.
oncogenic viruses
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areas of dead or dying cells due to viral growth.
cytopathic effect
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fusion of virus infected cells forming multinucleated cells.
synctia
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What are the six steps in virus replication?
- attachment
- penetration
- uncoating
- macromolecular synthesis
- assembly
- release
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what is the virus family responsible for the adenovirus?
Adenoviridae
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What is the virus family resposible for arbovirus?
bunyaviridae
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What is the virus family responsible for Hepatitis C virus?
Flaviviridae
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What is the virus family responsible for hepatitis B virus?
hepadnaviridae
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the family herpesviridae is responsible for what four viruses?
- Herpes simplex 1 and 2
- varicella zoster
- epstein barr
- cytomegalovirus
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the family orthomyxoviridae is responsable for what virus?
influenza A virus and B virus
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what two viruses are the family Paramyxoviridae responsible for?
- Parainfluenza virus
- Respiratory syncytial virus
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What are the five viruses that the family picornaviridae responsible for?
- Enterovirus
- Hepatitis A virus
- Polio virus
- Coxsackie A and B viruses
- Rhino viruses
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What virus is the family poxviridae responsible for?
Smallpox
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What are the two viruses that the maily retroviridae responsible for?
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Viral cultures are prcessed based on what two general classifications?
- sepcimen type
- request for specific viruses
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Adenovirus is a double stranded _____, icosahedral capsid.
DNA
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What are the three means of transmission of Adenovirus?
- respiratory
- fecal-oral
- direct contact (eye)
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What is the site of latency for adenovirus?
oropharynyx
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What are the three disease caused by adenovirus?
- pharyngytis
- pneumonia
- disseminated disease
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what is the treatment for adenovirus?
supportive
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What is prophylaxis for adenovirus?
vaccination
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This is a segmented single stranded RNA, pleomorphic capsid with envelope, transmitted by zoonoses from contact with rodent host.
hantavirus
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What are the two diseases caused by the hantavirus?
- pneumonia
- hemorrhagic fever
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What is the prophylaxis for hantavirus?
avoid rodent urine and feces
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This is a single stranded RNA, spherical and icosahedral capsid with envelope, transmitted via parenteral or sexual, cuases acute and chronic hepatitis.
hepatitis C
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What is the treatment for Hepatitis C?
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what is the prophylasxis for hepatitis C?
screen blood supply
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This is a partially double stranded DNA genome, icosahedral capsid with envelope (Dane particle) aka australia antigen.
Hepatitis B
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What are the three means of transmission of Hepatitis B?
- exchange of body secretions
- receipt of contaminated blood products
- perinatal exposure
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What is the site of latency for Hepatitis B?
liver
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What two diseases are caused by Hepatitis B?
fulminant and chronic hepatitis
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what is the treatment for Hepatitis B?
- antiviral medications
- liver transplant
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What is the prophylaxis for Hepatitis B?
- HBV vaccine
- hepatitis B IgG
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what is the site of latency for Herpes simple 1 and 2?
sensory nerve ganglia
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What strain of Herpes simplex can cause encephalitis?
HSV-1
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what is the treatment for herpes simplex 1 and 2?
acyclovir
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What is the prophylaxis for herpes simplex 1 and 2?
avoid contact
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What is the transmission for vaicella zoster?
Close personal contact (respiratory)
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What is the site of latency of varicella zoster?
dorsal root ganglia
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What are the two diseases caused by varicella-zoster?
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What are the two treatments for Varicella-zoster?
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What is the prophylaxis for Varicella-zoster?
vaccine
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These methods of detection uses hematoxylin-eosin stain to detect virus or banormal cell morphology in cells or tissue.
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This detection method is used for viruses that do not grow well in cell cultures, but has low availablity, is labor intensive and has low sensitivity.
Electron Microscopy
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What are the four immunodiagnosis of viruses based on antibody and antigen reaction?
- Raido-immunoassay (RIA)
- enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
- Latex agglutination
- Ab/Ag response stains
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This antibody and antigen reaction detection method uses radioactive mateials and has mostly replaced by ELISA?
Radio-immunoassay (RIA)
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This immunodiagnosis detection method detects chromogenic reactions of virus?
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
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This virus detection method uses Ab/Ag reactions, is easy and inexpensive but not as sensitve as other methods.
latex agglutination
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This Virus detection method uses immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase.
Ab/Ag response stain
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This is a virus detectio method that uses molecular diagnosis, amplifies target DNA or RNA strand specific to an organism.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
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What are the Three cell culture viral detection methods?
- Conventional
- shell vial
- Enzyme-linked Virus-inducible system (ELVIS)
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this cell culture method of viral detection uses monlayer of cells inside tube, incubated for 1-4 weeks, uses immunofluorescent stain targeted at specific virus for identification.
Conventional
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this is a modification of the conventional cell culture method uses galactosidase stain that allows quicker detection.
Shell vial
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This is a cell culture with gene indicator that expresses in the presence of virus, uses galactosidase stain.
Enzyme-linked Virus-inducible system (ELVIS)
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