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Americanization
- Changing Native American’s culture and traditions.
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Battle of the Little Bighorn
- Battle between Sioux and US Army. Sioux victory; all the US soldiers were killed.
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Bureau of Indian Affairs
- Agency that managed Native American reservations.
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Chief Joseph
- Nez Percé leader during their forced move from the Pacific Northwest.
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Dawes Act
- Law breaking up reservations and dividing them into individual plots of land.
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George Armstrong Custer
- US Army colonel in charge of the Battle of Little Bighorn.
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Geronimo
- Native Indian from the southwest, who organized and led several raids and attacks. Was eventually captured.
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Ghost Dance
- Native Indian dance that was said to ensure the savior would come. Made US afraid of spread of hope.
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John M. Chivington
- Army colonel responsible for the sand creek massacre.
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Sand Creek Massacre
- Killing of 150 Cheyenne women, children, and elderly people.
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Sitting Bull
- Leader of the Sioux at the Battle of Little Bighorn.
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Wounded Knee Massacre
- Killing of 300 Sioux men, women, and children.
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Cattle Trails
- Trails that cattle were taken through to reach the railway stations, where they would be taken to the east.
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Comstock Lode
- A silver mine that had $500 million worth of silver.
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Hard-Rock Mining
- Cutting deep shafts into solid rock to extract minerals.
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Hydraulic Mining
- Using high-pressured water to push away dirt and reveal minerals underneath.
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Joseph Glidden
- Inventor of the barbed wire.
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Placer Mining
- Finding minerals in loose sand or dirt.
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Texas Longhorn
- A special breed of cattle that was immune to the Texas fever, and could survive with little water and grass.
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The Big “Die-Up”
- When widespread cattle disease spread and killed tons of cattle when they were locked within barbed fences.
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Benjamin Singleton
- African American who encouraged the foundation of black societies in the west.
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Bonanza Farm
- Factory-like farms, operating them as large businesses. Failed miserably due to bad growing seasons.
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Dugout
- House built on the side of a hill for support.
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Exoduster
- African American who moved to Kansas in search of freedom and a peaceful lifestyle.
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Homestead Act
- Act that gave a certain amount of prairie land to the head of the family, providing he uses it for five years.
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James Oliver
- Invented a new type of plow ideal for farming in the plains
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Morrill Act
- Act that gave a certain amount of prairie land to collages.
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Pacific Railway Act
- Act that gave land to railroad stations.
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Sod House
- House mad out of compressed dirt grass and roots. Sturdy, insolating, it was the ideal house for prairie life.
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US Census Bureau
- Bureau that collected the census in different areas and determined how inhabited they were.
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