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Specific use of the article?
specific or particular referent in the mind of the author
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Previous Reference?
An article used to point back to a noun used earlier in the context, usually translated with a demonstrative pronoun.
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The use of an article with a noun that is typical of a class or group (ie "the man on the street").
Generic
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Are articles expected with nouns modified by genitive personal pronouns?
Yes, usually.
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Abstract Nouns and the article?
It is usually employed (e.g. grace, knowledge, etc.).
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Proper names and the article?
It is usually omitted, but can be employed; is helpful to show how names that aren't defined function.
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How about the article with a nominative acting as a vocative?
It is used. The vocative never carries an article.
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This use of the article turns certain parts of speech into virtual nouns.
Substantizing
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The article is used with nouns modified by an ________ ____________ _______.
Adjectival demonstrative pronoun
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Article as possessive pronoun?
if the idea of possession is clear from context, the article itself functions as an appropriate possessive pronoun.
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Article as Personal Pronoun
Yes, in narrative contexts as shorthand, usually with "men" or "de"
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Article as Relative Pronoun
Not a real relative pronoun, but rendered such in english. Yes, the article may function so. This is especially true of articular participles.
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Sometimes the article is used as a _____________ _______.
Demonstrative pronoun.
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Apollonius' Canon?
Two nouns joined in a genitive phrase are normally either articular or anarthrous.
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Granville Sharp's Canon?
One article used with two singular nouns in a series suggests that they both refer to the same person or object whereas two articles suggest that two people or objects are referenced.
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Colwell's Canon?
- Word order in a predicate statement with two nouns may determine the specificity of a noun rather than the presence or absence of an article.
- (1) Definite predicate nouns that follow copulative verb tend to have the article expressed.
- (2) Definite predicate nouns that precede the copulative verb tend to omit the article, even though they are specific in meaning.
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Substantives may be used __________ in order to bring out the character or quality of the referent.
anarthrously
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An anarthrous noun used with some prepositions may still be __________.
definite
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Describe the nominative as Subject.
A substantive in the nominative case was most commonly used as the subject of a very, whether the verb's voice was active, middle, or passive.
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The predicate noun, pronoun, adjective, or other substantive in a predicate sentence with a copulative verb was placed in the _________ case.
nominative
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Vocative?
A noun in the nominative is sometimes used in direct address.
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What is a hanging nominative?
A word in the nominative case that begins a clause as introduction to a referent which occurs later in the clause in another case.
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When is the vocative case used?
Direct address.
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The direct object of a verb is normally used in the _________ case.
accusative
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What is a double accusative?
a verb that takes two of 'em.
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The __________ case was sometimes employed with or without a preposition to indicate the subject matter or another kind of limiting qualification on the statement.
accusative of respect (translated: with respect to...)
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Adjective and pronouns sometimes function as adverbs wen expressed as ______ ___________.
neuter accusatives
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The __________ case was used adverbially with measurement nouns and phrases to indicate the extent of an action either in space or in time.
accusative of extent
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Which case do infinitives require their subjects to be expressed in?
accusative
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