Biology Chapter 4 Vocab

• Use of plasma membrane carrier protein to move a substance into or out of a cell from lower
• to high concentration, movement of a molecule or ion from a region of lower
• concentration
• 

• Protein that combines with and transports a molecule or ion across the plasma membrane

• Glycoprotein that helps the body defend itself against pathogens

• Forms a channel to allow a particular molecule or ion to cross the plasma membrane

• Gradual change in chemical concentration from one point to another

• The shriveling of ananimal cell in a hypertonic solution due to osmosis

• Disruption or bursting of a cell; can be in response to osmosis in a hypotonic solution

• Ability of plasma membranes to regulate the passage of substances into and out of the cell, allowing some to pass through and preventing the passage of others; sometimes called selectively permeable

• Movement of molecules or ions from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration; it requires no energy and stops when the distribution is equal

• Process by which substances are moved into the cell from the environment by phagocytosis (cellular eating) or pinocytosis (cellular drinking) includes receptor-mediated endocyosis

Protein that catalyzes a specific reaction

• Process in which an intracellular vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane so tha the vesicle’s contents are released outside the cell

• Use of a plasma membrane carrier to move a substance into or out of a cell from a higher to a lower concentration; no energy required.

• Model of the plasma membrane based on the changing location and pattern of protein molecules in a fluid phospholipid layer.

• Lipid in plasma membranes that bears a carbohydrate chain attached to a hydrophobic tail

• Protein in plasma membranes that bears a carbohydrate chain

• Higher solute concentration (less water) than the cell; causes cell to lose water by osmosis

}Lower solute (more water) concentration than the cytosol of a cell; causes cell to

• }gain water by osmosis

• Solution that is equal in solute concentration to that of the cytoplasm of a cell; causes cell to neither lose nor gain water by osmosis

• Diffusion of water through a differentially permeable membrane

• Measure of the tendency of water to move across a differentially permeable membrane; visible as an increase in liquid on the side of the membrane with higher solute concentration

• Process by which amoeboid cells engulf large substances, forming an intracellular vacuole

• Process by which vesicle formation brings macromolecules into the cell

• Solution that is equal in solute concentration to that of the cytoplasm of a cell; causes cell to neither lose nor gain water by osmosis

• Diffusion of water through a differentially permeable membrane

• Measure of the tendency of water to move across a differentially permeable membrane; visible
• as an increase in liquid on the side of the membrane with higher solute concentration

• Process by which amoeboid cells engulf large substances, forming an intracellular vacuole

• Process by which vesicle formation brings macromolecules into the cell

• Contraction of the cell contents due to the loss of water

• A form of pinocytosis that is quite specific because it uses a receptor protein shaped so that a specific molecule, such as a vitamin, peptide hormone, or lipoprotein, can bind to it

• }They have a shape
• that allows a specific molecule to bind to it. The binding of this molecule causes the protein to change its shape and thereby bring about a cellular response

• Carrier protein in the plasma membrane that moves sodium ions out of and potassium ions into cells; important in nerve and muscle cells

• Fluid, such as water, that dissolves solutes

• In plant cells, pressure of the cell contents against the cell wall when the central vacuole is full