-
Transformation
- Change in genotype and phenotype due to the
- adjustment of external DNA by a cell
-
Bacteriophages
Viruses that infect bacteria aka phages
-
Semi-conservative Model
- Type of DNA replication in which the replicated
- double helix consists of 1 old strand, derived from the old molecule, and one
- newly made strand
-
DNA Polymerase
- Elongation of new DNA at a replication fork is
- catalyzed by enzymes
-
Leading Strand
- The DNA strand along the template strand in the
- 5’→ 3’ direction
-
Lagging Strand
- A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that
- elongates in a direction away from the replication fork
-
Okazaki fragments
- Segments of the lagging strand, named after the
- Japanese scientist who discovered them
-
DNA ligase
- It joins the sugar-phosphate backbones of the
- Okazaki fragments, forming a single new DNA strand
-
Primer
- The initial nucleotide chain that consist of
- either DNA or RNA
-
Primase
- An enzyme that can start an RNA chain from
- scratch
-
Helicase
- An enzyme that untwist the double helix at the
- replication forks, separating the 2 parental strands and making them available
- as template strands
-
Nuclease
- Segment of the strand containing the damage that
- is cut out by a DNA-cutting enzyme
-
Mismatch repair
- Cells that use special enzymes to fix
- incorrectly paired nucleotides
-
Nucleotide excision repair
- The process of removing and then correctly
- replacing a damaged segment of DNA using the undamaged strand as a guide
-
Telomeres
- Eukaryotic chromosomal DNA molecules that have
- nucleotide sequences
-
Telomerase
- An enzyme that catalyzes the lengthening of
- telomeres in eukaryotic germ cells
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