Chapter 7 Phys Psych

notion that each receptor responds to a wide range of stimuli and contributes to the perception of every stimulus in its system

decreased response to a stimulus as a result of recent exposure to it

intensity of a sound or other stimulus

chemical that causes neurons containing substance P to release it suddenly and also directly stimulates pain receptors sensitive to moderate heat

structure in the inner ear containing auditory receptors

hearing loss that occurs if the bones of the middle ear fail to transmit sound waves properly to the cochlea

reduced response to one stimulus because of recent exposure to some other stimulus

area of skin connected to a particular spinal nerve

category of chemicals the body produces that stimulate the same receptors as do opiates

number of sound waves per second

concept that pitch perception depends on differences in frequency of action potentials by auditory neurons

assumption that stimulation of certain nonpain axons in the skin or in the brain can inhibit transmission of pain messages in the spinal cord

type of sensory receptor shaped like a hair; auditory receptors are hair cells

concept that each receptor responds to a limited range of stimuli and has a direct line to the brain

perception of the intensity of a sound

hearing loss that results from damage to the cochlea, the hair cells, or the auditory nerve

area in the medulla that receives input from taste receptors

sense of smell

neurons responsible for the sense of smell, located on the olfactory epithelium in the rear of the nasal air passages

systems responsive to opiate drugs and similar chemicals

membrane of the inner ear, adjacent to the stirrup

receptor that responds to a sudden displacement of the skin or highfrequency vibration on the skin

structure on the surface of the tongue containing taste buds

area of the brainstem that is rich in enkephalin synapses

chemical released by one animal that affects the behavior of other members of the same species

outer-ear structure of flesh and cartilage that sticks out from each side of the head

experience that corresponds to the frequency of a sound

concept that pitch perception depends on which part of the inner ear has cells with the greatest activity level

drug or other procedure with no pharmacological effects

area in the temporal lobes in which cells respond best to tones of a particular frequency

canal lined with hair cells and oriented in three planes, sensitive to the direction of tilt of the head

sensory network that monitors the surface of the body and its movements

neurotransmitter released by nerves that are sensitive to pain

people with heightened sensitivity to taste

experience of one sense in response to stimulation of another sense

structures on the tongue that contain taste receptors

frequent or constant ringing in the ears

Eardrum

tenet that a sound wave of a moderately high pitch may produce a volley of impulses by various fi bers even if no individual fiber can produce impulses in synchrony with the sound waves

set of receptors located near, but separate from, the olfactory receptors