-
lack of appetite
anorexia
-
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
ascites
-
rumbling or gugling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal tract
borborygmus (plural: borborygmi)
-
difficulty in passing stools (feces)
constipation
-
frequent passage of loose, watery stools
diarrhea
-
difficulty in swallowing
dysphagia
-
gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth
eructation
-
gas expelled through the anus
flatus
-
passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum
hematochezia
-
yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia)
jaundice (icterus)
-
black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood
melena
-
unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with the tendency to vomit
nausea
-
fat in the feces; frothy, foul-smelling fecal matter
steatorrhea
-
inflammtion of the mouth with small, painful ulcers; also called canker sores
aphthous stomatitis
-
tooth decay
dental caries
-
inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpesvirus; also called fever blisters or cold sores
herpetic stomatitis
-
white plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth
oral leukoplakia
-
inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone
periodontal disease
-
failure of the lower esophagus sphincter muscle to relax
achalasia
-
malignant tumor of the esophagus
esophageal cancer
-
swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus
esphageal varices
-
malignant tumor of the stomach
gastric cancer
-
solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach; heartburn; reflux esphagitis
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
-
protrusion of an orgna or part through the muscle normally containing it
hernia
-
open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum
peptic ulcer
-
abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus
anal fistula
-
polyps protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon
colonic polyps
-
adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both
colorectal cancer
-
chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract (terminal ileum and colon); a form of inflammatroy bowel disease (IBD)
Crohn disease (Chrohn's)
-
abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall
diverticulosis
-
painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection
dysentery
-
swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region
hemorrhoids
-
loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines
ileus
-
telescoping of the intestines
intussusception
-
group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
-
chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers
ulcerative colitis
-
twisting of the intestine on itself
volvulus
-
gallstones in the gallbladder
cholelithiasis
-
chronic degenerative disease of the liver
cirrhosis
-
malignant tumor of the pancreas
pancreatic cancer
-
inflammation of the pancreas
pancreatitis
-
inflammation of the liver caused by a virus (A, B, C)
viral hepatitis
-
tests for the presence of enzymes and bilirubin in blood
liver function tests (LFTs)
-
test for microorganisms present in feces
stool culture
-
test to detect occult (hidden) blood in feces
stool guaiac test of Hemoccult test
-
x-ray images of the colon and rectum obtained after injection of barium into the rectum
lower gastrointestinal series (barium enema)
-
x-ray images of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine obtained after administering barium by mouth
upper gastrointestinal series
-
x-ray examination of the biliary system performed after injection of contrast into the bile ducts
cholangiography
-
a series of x-ray images are taken in multiple views (especially cross section)
computed tomography (CT)
-
sound waves beamed into the abdomen produce an image of abdominal viscera
abdominal ultrasonography
-
use of an endoscope combined with ultrasound to examine the organs of the gastrointestinal tract
endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)
-
magnetic waves produce images or organs and tissues in all three planes of the body
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
-
reducing the size of the stomach and diverting food to the jejunum (gastrojejunostomy)
gastric bypass or bariatric surgery
-
visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract using an endoscope
gastrointestinal endoscopy
-
visual (endoscopic) examination of the abdomen with a laparoscope inserted through small incisions in the abdomen
laparoscopy
-
removal of liver tissue for microscopic examination
liver biopsy
-
insertion of a tube through the nose into the stomach
nasogastric intubation
-
surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen
paracentesis (abdominocentesis)
|
|