Drugs Ch 7 test 3

one of the basic neurotransmitters

psychostimulant drug, bilogical actions is to temprarily inhibit the enzyme monamine oxidase (MAO)

• antidepressant drug
• several thousdand more times potent then amphetamine in its ability to inhibit MAO

• pychotomimetic psychedelic hallucinogenic drug (P/PH)
• elevate mood in low doses, and area capable of inducing psychosis mimicking effects at higher dose

(P/PH) considerably more potent then mescaline it is capable of inducing effects that are practically indistinguishable from those of mescaline

molecules that are identical except for their being mirror images of each other, have very different effects on the body.

the two forms in solutions rotate plane-polarized light in different directions ( to the left with the levo or l isomer) and (to the right with the de xtro or d isomer)

when two isomers display differential receptor binding propertes and therefore induse different effects they are said to be......

depressants cause a shift in the electoencephalogram less frequently and higher amplitude waves

stimulant cause a shift in the EEG greater frequency and lower amplitude waves

the terms depressant and stimulant do not mean much, unless one specifies at.........the depression or stimulation is occuring, or the ..... of the drug

Lilly 11014 When a pharmaceutical company discovers or synthesizes a promising new drug two or more letters and a series of numbers is assigned

this is a complete description of a particular molecule according to specific rules of organic chemistry

fluoxetine ( this indicates its legal, offical or nonproprietary)

this is the proprietary name devised by the manufacuter ( Prozac)

one of the most frequently used reference books that describe psychotropic drugs according to their medical uses

• low doses-dedate, calm or relax most individulas
• higher does-induse sleep

classification for ethyl alcohol (ethanol)

classification for barbiturates

classification for chloral hydrate

classification for flurazepam (dalmane)

classification for zolpidem (ambien) most common sleeping pill

many drugs in this class (e.g. phenobrarbital) are effective in reducing seizure activity

can be used as muscle relaxants although muscle relaxation is secondary to their effects on the CNS

used in treating disorders where the prevailing symptom in anxiety (e.g. neuroses -"minor tranquilizers)

classification for benzodiazepines (family name )

chlordiazepoxide (Librium)

dizepam (Valium)

alprazolam (Xanax) most common today

classification for buspirone (BuSpar)

low to moderate doses_increase altertness reduse fatigue and elevate mood in most individuals

caffine (most common in world)

amphetamine

cocaine

nicotine

for drugs in this category the use context is usually a recreational one because these drugs are not generally prescribed for theraputic use.

• could be used from appetite surpressants (anoretics or anorecties)
• and treatment for narcolepsy
• treatment for ADHD
• or mild depression in very special cases

used in the treatment of major mental and emotional disturbances (psychoses) sometimes reffered to as "major tranqualizers"

the exaggerated mood is predominantly one of depression (clinical depression)

the person exhibits depressed episodes at times; at other times he or she may exhibit episodes of mania (characterized by frenzied psychomotor activity excitement a rapod passing or flight of ideas exaltation exaggerated cofidence and unstable attention)

the person is constantly elevated mood.

drugs used to treat unipolar, bipolar, and maina are usually called......

used in severe, unremitting cases of depression generally for those depressions for which there appear to be no outstanding causal events

• imipramine (Tofranial)
• Amitriptyline (Elavil)

block NE reuptake

• tranylcypromine (Parnate)
• fluoxetine (Prozac)
• SSRI

most useful in the treatment of manic symptoms the drug of choice is generally a lithium salt, such as lithium carbonate

drugs taken specifically to severely distort ones perceptions of reality disturpt cognitive processes or induce hallucinations

for psychosis mimicking (person acts as if skitsophrenic)

for mind manifesting

for hallucination generating

• LSD
• mescaline
• phencyclidine
• psilocybin
• ecstasy (more contempory )
• cannabinoids (marijuana)

a wide variety of ........... compounds are used in the treatment of pain

without feeling

without pain

• narcotics
• morphine
• heoin
• codeine
• meperidine
• methadone
• oxycodone

• inhalants
• ether
• nitrous oxide (laughing gas)

many of the sedative hypnotics (large doses) cocaine (as an anesthetic)

When a drug has been shown to be reasonably safe and effective for some specific symptoms it is approved for medical use by the .....and offically labeled

are those that have no currently accepted medical use in the U.S. and have a high potential for abuse.

heroin, LSD, mescaline, psilcybin, cannabinoids (some exceptions) are what schedule ?

are those that have some currently accepted medical uses in the U.S. but have a high abuse potential

amphetamine, cocaine, methylphenidate (Ridalin), morphine, opium, meperidine, methadone (sometimes to treat heroin addicts) are what schedule drugs?

are those that have some currently accepted medical use and less potential for abuse than others.

• compounds containing codeine
• short to intermediate duration barbiturates
• nonbarbiturate sedative- hypnotics
• are what time of schedule drugs

are those with current medical uses and successively lower abuse potentials than those of other schedules

• long lasting barbiturates
• anxiolytics
• low potency narcotics
• cough syrup with codeine
• are what schedule drugs ?

the fact that small alterations in a drug molecule can produce minimal changes in its effects has led to considerable problems for the .... which is responsible for controlling illegal drugs

• by slightly altering the structure of an already illegal drugs "underground chemist" have attempted to produce new compounds often referred to as...........with the same properties as illegal drugs.
• ex. ectasy