A&Pchapter13-14.txt

• 1) Transportation - moves oxygen and CO2, minerals, vitamins, gasses, and waste
• 2) Regulation - Body pH and tempurature
• 3) Protection - Prevents against blood loss and infection

hematopoietic stem cellls

• 1) Whole blood - 100%
• 2) Formed Elements - 45%
• 3) Erythrocytes - 99.1% of formed elements
• 4) Leukocytes - 0.9% of formed elements
• 5) Plasma - 55% of whole blood
• 6) Water - 91% of plasma
• 7) Protiens - 8% of plasma
• 8) other - 1% of plasma

• Neutrophil - Granulocyte - 60%
• The dark ares is the nucleus and the light area is an erythrocyte

• Eosinphil - Granulocyte -3%
• Light marksings are erythrocyte
• light grainy area is granuals
• dark grainy is nucleus

• Basophil - granulocyte -1%
• dark - nucelus
• light - granuals

• Lymphocyte - Agranulocyte -30%
• Dark area is nucleusa
• small dot is platelet
• light cells are erythrocytes

• Monocyte - Agranulocyte - 5%
• dark area is nucleus
• light cells are erythrocytes
• Largest in size

• Neutrophil
• Eosinophil
• Basophil

• Lymphocyte
• Monocyte

Neutrophil

Platelet

Albumen

Plasma

Serum

• Prevention of blood loss
• - vascular contraction
• - platelet adhesion
• - formation of a soft aggregate plug (blood clot)

8%

red blood cell: erythro meaning red - Transports oxygen

White Blood cells: leuko means white - Protect against infection

also called thromobycytes. they are cell fregments that participate in blood clotting

The most abundant protien in plasma ios important for maintaining the blood's osmotic pressure

Necessary for blood coagulation. Manufactured in the liver

Combat infection. Made by certain white blood cells

• Neturophils - Granulocytes
• Lymphocytes -Agranulocyte
• Monocytes -Agranulotcyte
• Erythrocytes - Agranulocytes
• Basophils - Granulocytes

These have the ptoential to develop into ony of the blood cell trypes produced within the red bone marrow

• Hemoglobin: iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells
• composed of 4 amino acids

phagocytosis -(from Greek phago, meaning eating, cyte, meaning vessel, and osis meaning process) is the cellular process of engulfing solid particles by the cell membrane to form an internal phagosome by phagocytes and protists.

white blood that are associated with allergic reactions and defense against parasites

Associated with Allergic reactions, and inflammatory reactions

Large granular lymphocytes include natural killer cells (NK cells). Small lymphocytes consist of T cells and B cells.

• Phagocytosis (Again) (from Greek phago, meaning eating, cyte, meaning vessel, and osis
• meaning process) is the cellular process of engulfing solid particles by
• the cell membrane to form an internal phagosome by phagocytes and
• protists.

A mixture of dead and living bacteria, together with dead and living leukocytes.

A collection of pus localized into one area is known as an abscess

A, B, AB, & O

procoagulants

anticoagulants

Substances released from damaged tissues stimulate the formation of prothrombinase. whis is a substance that triggers the final clotting mechanism.

Thrombin (Calcium is needed for this step)

The fliud that reamins after clotting

plasma = serum + clotting factors

the four blood groups are A, B, AB, and O. Each are defined by the antigens that exist with the blood. A antigen is type A, B antigen is type B. Typa AB has BOTH anitgens, and type O has none.

O is the universal Donor, AB is the universal recipient

If blood with a foriegn (Anitgen to B antibody or v.v.) antigen is found, the body will destroy it.

classification of blood based on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs).

• clumping of particles. The word agglutination comes from the Latin agglutinare, meaning "to glue to."
• This occurs in biology in three main examples:
• The clumping of cells such as bacteria or red blood cells in the
• presence of an antibody. The antibody or other molecule binds multiple
• particles and joins them, creating a large complex.The coalescing of small particles that are suspended in a solution; these larger masses are then (usually) precipitated.An allergic reaction type occurrence where cells become more
• compacted together to prevent foreign materials entering them. This is
• usually the result of an antigen in the vicinity of the cells.

a white precipitate called cryoprecipitate forms at the bottom of the container

a disorder in which there is an abnormally low level of of hemoglobin or red cells in the blood and impares the delivery of oxygen to the tissues

a neoplasmic blood disease characterized by an increase in white blood cells

Conditions characterized by an abnormal tendancy to bleed because of the breakdown in the body's clotting mechanism

a sudden and acute or gradule and chronic loss of blood. Possible reasons are chronic bleeding, ulcers, excessive mentral flow and bleeding hemoroids

Anemia caused by excessive red cell destruction. Can be cause by an overactive spleen or infections, parasites (Sickle Cell Anemia)

• 8%.
• 1%

Its a nutritionally based Anemia. Iron deficiency is the most common. Folic acid (bcomplex)

Deficiency in vitamin b12 need for red cell formation

also known as gastric intrinsic factor (GIF) is a glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells of the stomach. It is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 later on in the terminal ileum. In humans, the gastric intrinsic factor protein is encoded by the GIF gene

a blood disorder passed down through families (inherited) in which the body makes an abnormal form of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. The disorder results in excessive destruction of red blood cells and anemia. To compund the problem Erythrocytes may be destroyed in the bone marrow before becoming mature

a condition where bone marrow does not produce sufficient new cells to replenish blood cells.[1] The condition, per its name, involves both aplasia and anemia.Typically, anemia refers to low red blood cell counts, but aplastic anemia patients have lower counts of all three blood cell types.

Myeloid Tissue and Lymphoid Tissue

is a rare bleeding disorder in which your blood doesn't clot normally.

caused by a deficiency of von Willebrand factor. Von Willebrand factor helps blood platelets clump together and stick to the blood vessel wall, which is necessary for normal blood clotting.

a deficiency in the number of circulating plateletes

a serious clotting dissorder involving excessive coagulation

the volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood

Complete blood count

4.5-5.5 million

5k-10k

below 5k

above 10k.

a machine that runs blood tests

They are important for somethign, I cant remember. she mentioned it

72

Slightly bigger than your fist

between the lungs ad left of the midline. it occupies most of the mediastinum, the central region of the thorax

the innermost layer of epithilial cells (tissue) that lines the chambers of the heart. lines the interior chambers and covers the heart vales

the heart muscle, the thickest layer and contracts to pump blood through the vessles.

The serous membrane that forms the thin, outermost layer of the heart wall. covers the heart and forms the serous pericardium

The pericardial sac

just know it

• its a loose fitting membrane covering the heart in two layers
• the fiberous pericardium tough loose fitting aruond the heart to provide protection against friction, and anchors the heart into place.

• the serous pericarium -thin delicate innermost double layer of the pericardial sac secretes lubricating pericardial fluid into the pericardial cavity.
• - two parts pareietal layer and visceral layer

know it