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Name the cellular morphology
Coccomacillus
-
Name the cellular morphology
Spirochaetes
-
Name the cellular morphology
Tetrad
-
Name the cellular morphology
Diplococcus
-
Name the cellular morphology
Coccus/Cocci
-
Name the cellular morphology
Comma
-
Name the cellular morphology
Spirillum(a)
-
Name the cellular morphology
- staphylo-
- i.e. Staphylococus aureus (grape-like clusters)
-
Name the cellular morphology
Strepto-
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Name the cellular morphology
- Rods
- i.e. Bacillus cereus (chains)
- i.e. Escherichia coli (singles/pairs)
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Why is immersion oil important?
- Immersion oil is important because there is no refraction of light when it passes from glass to oil and vice versa
- Immersion oil results in clarity.
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Resolution
Shortest distance between 2 points or objects whereby one can discern these 2 points/objects as separate entities
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Condenser
Deals with intensity of light
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Iris diaphragm
open & close to control light that comes in
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Par Focal
As you move up in magnification, you should stay in focus
-
TSA
TSB (tryptic soy broth) + agar (sea kelp, no nutrients, solidifying agent)
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Colonial Morphology
What the colony looks like
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Cellular Morphology
What the cells look like
-
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Aseptic Transfer
To work without contamination
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What kind of stain is this?
Capsule stain
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What is the importance of a capsule stain? Name a microbe with a capsule
- Tells us the presence or absence of a capsule
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
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Name the flagellar arrangement
Peritrichous
-
Name the flagellar arrangement
Amphitrichous
-
Name the flagellar arrangement
Lophotrichous
-
Name the flagellar arrangement
Monotrichous
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What is the importance of a flagellar stain? And give an example of a microbe with flagella
- Tell us:
- - Motility
- - Arrangement
Proteus mirabilis
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What is the importance of a spore stain?
- A spore stain tells us:
- - If its a spore former or not
- - The position of the spore (terminal, subterminal, endospore, free spore)
-
Name the image
- terminal or subterminal spore
- clostridium
-
Name the image
-
List the steps of a spore stain
- 1) Malachite green °1 - steam2) Safranin counterstain
-
What is the importance of an acid fast stain
- AFB red - Mycobacterium smegmatis
- Non AFB blue - Escherichia coli
-
List the steps of an Acid Fast stain
- 1) Carbol Fushin - °1 steam2) Acidified ETOH - decolorize
- 3) Methylene Blue - 2° or counterstain
-
Give an example of Gram-
- E. coli
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Ps. aeruginosa
- S. marcesens
-
Give an example of a Gram+
- Bacillus (used in Gram stain and spore staining lab)
- S. aureus (used in gram staining lab)
-
List the steps of the Gram stain, and the outcomes for each step in a Gram+ and a Gram-
- 1) Crystal violet °1 stain
- 2) Gram's Iodine (mordant)
- 3) Decolorize with 95% ETOH
- 4) Safranin °2 (counterstain)
- Gram+
- 1) Purple
- 2) Purple
- 3) Purple
- 4) Purple
- Gram-
- 1) Purple
- 2) Purple
- 3) Colorless
- 4) Red
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Give examples of differential stains, and what are they used to identify?
- Cell wall composition
- - Acid fast
- - Gram stain
- Structure
- - Spore
- - Flagellar
- - Capsule
-
Why are differential stains used in lab?
- Tells you the cell wall composition
- Tells you the structure of the microbe
-
What is a differential stain?
Differential stains incorporate 2 or more stains
-
Why are simple stains used in lab?
- Tells you the presence or absence of a microbe
- Tells you the cellular morphology
- Tells you the arrangement
-
What is a simple stain?
A simple stain incorporates the use of one stain.
-
What are the two staining techniques?
-
What are the two types of stains in lab?
-
What is an acidic stain's overall charge?
An acidic stain's have a negative overall charge.
-
Give an example of an acidic stain
An example of an acidic stain is Nigrosin.
-
Why do we use acidic stains in lab?
- We use acidic stains for the slide's background.
- Since the slide has an overall positive charge, negative charges will bind to the glass.
-
Why are basic stains used in lab?
Because if we look at the surface of a bacterium, the cell wall has an overall negative charge.
-
What is a basic stain's overall charge?
Basic stains carry an overall positive charge.
-
Name examples of basic stains
- Crystal Violet
- Safranin
- Carbol Fushin
- Methylene Blue
- Malachite Green
-
Colony
group of microbes who have grown to a visible mass
-
What is the main difference between a bacterial species that is "acid fast" and one that is "non-acid fast"?
acid fast have mycolic acid
-
Why do you use heat/steam when performing spore and acid fast stains?
heat can facilitate the entrance of the dye
-
generation time
is the time interval required for the cells (or population) to divide.
-
What is the generation time of a bacterial population that increases from 10,000 cells to 10,000,000 cells in four hours of growth
-
aerobe
- Bacillus
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
-
Microaerophile
lactococcus
-
Facultative anaerobe
e coli
-
-
acidophile
saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
-
alkalophile
alcaligenes faecalis
-
psychrophile
ps. fluorescens
-
-
thermophile
bacillus stearothermophilus
-
-
-
halophile
- marine salt loving
- vibrio alginolyticus
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