-
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
neostigmine
- skeletal muscle drugs
- cholinesterase inhibitors - decrease breakdown of Ach
- Use: treat: myasthenia gravis (muscle weakness by antibodies attacking receptors)
-
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
pyridostigmine
- skeletal muscle drugs
- cholinesterase inhibitors - decrease breakdown of Ach
- Use: treat: myasthenia gravis (muscle weakness by antibodies attacking receptors)
-
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
ambenonium
- skeletal muscle drugs
- cholinesterase inhibitors - decrease breakdown of Ach
- Use: treat: myasthenia gravis (muscle weakness by antibodies attacking receptors)
-
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
verapamil
- cardiac muscle drugs
- calcium channel blockers - can decrease heart rate and cardiac output
- Use: antihypertensives, anti-anginals, anti-arrhythmics
-
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
diltiazem
- cardiac muscle drugs
- calcium channel blockers - can decrease heart rate and cardiac output
- Use: antihypertensives, anti-anginals, anti-arrhythmics
-
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
metoprolol
- cardiac muscle drugs
- Beta blockers - blocks affects of sympathetic nervous system stimulation
- Use: treat: angina, hypertension, chronic heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias
-
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
carvedilol
- cardiac muscle drugs
- Beta blockers - blocks affects of sympathetic nervous system stimulation
- Use: treat: angina, hypertension, chronic heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias
-
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
atenolol
- cardiac muscle drugs
- Beta blockers - blocks affects of sympathetic nervous system stimulation
- Use: treat: angina, hypertension, chronic heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias
-
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
digoxin
- cardiac muscle drugs
- Indirect effect: inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase, ultimately increases intracellular calcium - acts to increase contractility
- Use: treat: heart failure
-
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
losartan (Cozaar)
- smooth muscle drugs
- angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) - blocks vasoconstriction to lower blood pressure
- Use: treat: hypertension
-
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
valsartan (Diovan)
- smooth muscle drugs
- angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) - blocks vasoconstriction to lower blood pressure
- Use: treat: hypertension
-
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
candesartan (Atacand)
- smooth muscle drugs
- angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) - blocks vasoconstriction to lower blood pressure
- Use: treat: hypertension
-
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
nitroglycerin
- smooth muscle drugs
- organic nitrates/NO donors - metabolized to NO which dilates veins and coronary arteries
- Use: treat: angina
-
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
albuterol
- smooth muscle drugs
- bronchodilators - sympathomimetics cause bronchodilation (open up airways)
- Use: treat: asthma
-
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
terbutaline
- smooth muscle drugs
- bronchodilators - sympathomimetics cause bronchodilation (open up airways)
- Use: treat: asthma
-
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
salmeterol
- smooth muscle drugs
- bronchodilators - sympathomimetics cause bronchodilation (open up airways)
- Use: treat: asthma
-
Tetanus (Bryant)
DTaP vaccine (booster every __ years)
Unimmunized - anti-toxin ?
- body makes antibodies to neurotoxin
- booster every 10 years
- anti-toxin = antibodies (will not reverse damaged already done)
-
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
dantrolene
- muscle relaxant that dissociates excitation-contraction coupling
- Use: patients with: taking general anesthetics
-
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
nondepolarizing
- skeletal muscle drugs
- neuromuscular blocking drugs - antagonist at Ach receptor, prevents Ach from binding, prevent depolarization and action potential
- Use: adjuncts during general anesthesia to facilitate tracheal intubation and optimize surgical conditions
-
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
Tubocurarine
- skeletal muscle drugs
- cholinesterase inhibitors
- reverse neuromuscular blocking drugs
-
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
cisatracurium
- skeletal muscle drugs
- cholinesterase inhibitors
- reverse neuromuscular blocking drugs
-
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
depolarizing
- skeletal muscle drugs
- neuromuscular blocking drugs - acts as a depolarizing agonist at Ach receptor;
- phase 1: it binds to receptor and causes depolarization, not metabolized effectively at synapse, so membranes remain depolarized and unresponsive to subsequent impulses (depolarizing block)
- phase 2: acts as if channel is in prolonged closed state (desensitized)
-
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
succinylcholine (the ONLY one approved in U.S.)
- skeletal muscle drugs
- cholinesterase inhibitors
- reverse neuromuscular blocking drugs at PHASE 2 only
-
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
Diazepam
- skeletal muscle drugs
- spasmolytics - act to decrease muscle spasms and increase muscle tone
-
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
baclofen
- skeletal muscle drugs
- spasmolytics - act to decrease muscle spasms and increase muscle tone
-
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
Testosterone and related substances
- prohibited: IN and OUT of competition
- #1) anabolic androgenic steroids
- 1. stimulate protein synthesis = muscle growth
- 2. stimulate hematopoiesis = RBC production (for oxygen)
- Use: patients with: atrophy (due to illness or injury), anemia, hooves (vet meds)
- Side effects: altered moods, acne, alopecia (loss of hair), genital shrinkage (testicles no longer need to make testosterone thus gets smaller)
-
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
growth hormone
- prohibited: IN and OUT of competition
- #2) Peptide hormones + growth factors
- 1. cell growth and proliferation
-
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
chorionic gonadotropin + luteinizing hormone
- prohibited: IN and OUT of competition
- #2) Peptide hormones + growth factors
- 1. cell growth and proliferation
-
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
insulin
- prohibited: IN and OUT of competition
- #2) Peptide hormones + growth factors
- 1. cell growth and proliferation
-
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
EPO + EPO stimulants
(Erythropoietin)
- prohibited: IN and OUT of competition
- #2) Peptide hormones + growth factors
- 1. cell growth and proliferation
-
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
albuterol
- prohibited: IN and OUT of competition
- #3) Beta-2 agonists
- 1. bronchodilation (allows more oxygen through increased size of airways)
-
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
salmeterol
- prohibited: IN and OUT of competition
- #3) Beta-2 agonists
- 1. bronchodilation (allows more oxygen through increased size of airways)
-
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
tamoxifen
- prohibited: IN and OUT of competition
- #4) Estrogen receptor modulators (both activity of antagonist and agonist)
- 1. counter side effects of anabolic steroids
- Use: patients with: breast cancer
-
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
clomiphene
- prohibited: IN and OUT of competition
- #4) Estrogen receptor modulators (both activity of antagonist and agonist)
- 1. counter side effects of anabolic steroids
- Use: patients with: PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome)
-
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
furosemide
- prohibited: IN and OUT of competition
- #5) Diuretics or plasma expanders
- 1. diuretic (lose/decrease fluid in system)
- 2. mask drug use, weight loss
-
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
spironolactone
- prohibited: IN and OUT of competition
- #5) Diuretics or plasma expanders
- 1. diuretic (lose/decrease fluid in system)
- 2. mask drug use, weight loss
-
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
dextran
- prohibited: IN and OUT of competition
- #5) Diuretics or plasma expanders
- 1. expander (dilute/increase fluid in system)
- 2. mask drug use, weight loss
-
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
mannitol
- prohibited: IN and OUT of competition
- #5) Diuretics or plasma expanders
- 1. expander (dilute/increase fluid in system)
- 2. mask drug use, weight loss
-
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
amphetamine
- prohibited: IN competition only
- #1) Stimulants
- 1. increase endurance, focus, stamina
- Use: patients with: ADHD
-
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
methylphenidate
- prohibited: IN competition only
- #1) Stimulants
- 1. increase endurance, focus, stamina
- Use: patients with: ADHD
-
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
ephedrine
- prohibited: IN competition only
- #1) Stimulants
- 1. increase endurance, focus, stamina
- Use: patients with: ADHD
-
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
oxycodone
- prohibited: IN competition only
- #2) Narcotics
- 1. suppress pain
- Use: patients with: tooth pain
-
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
fentanyl
- prohibited: IN competition only
- #2) Narcotics
- 1. suppress pain
- Use: patients with: tooth pain
-
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
morphine
- prohibited: IN competition only
- #2) Narcotics
- 1. suppress pain
- Use: patients with: tooth pain
-
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
prednisone
- prohibited: IN competition only
- #3) Glucocorticosteroids
- 1. suppress inflammation and pain
-
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
dexamethasone
- prohibited: IN competition only
- #3) Glucocorticosteroids
- 1. suppress inflammation and pain
-
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
cortisol
- prohibited: IN competition only
- #3) Glucocorticosteroids
- 1. suppress inflammation and pain
-
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
- prohibited: IN competition only
- #4) Cannabinoids (Marijuana)
- 1. suppress emesis (vomiting) and pain
- Use: patients with: glaucoma
-
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
atenolol
- prohibited: IN competition only (18 specific sports)
- #5) Beta-blockers
- 1. increase stability (shake less from nervousness or feeling under the pressure)
-
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
bisoprolol
- prohibited: IN competition only (18 specific sports)
- #5) Beta-blockers
- 1. increase stability (shake less form nervousness or feeling under the pressure)
-
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
metoprolol
- prohibited: IN competition only (18 specific sports)
- #5) Beta-blockers
- 1. increase stability (shake less from nervousness or feeling under the pressure)
-
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
propanolol
- prohibited: IN competition only (18 specific sports)
- #5) Beta-blockers
- 1. increase stability (shake less from nervousness or feeling under the pressure)
-
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
Budweiser
- prohibited: IN competition only (8 specific sports)
- #6) Alcohol
- 1. sedating (calm nerves) BUT impairs motor ability
-
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
Pabst
- prohibited: IN competition only (8 specific sports)
- #6) Alcohol
- 1. sedating (calm nerves) BUT impairs motor ability
-
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
Miller Lite
- prohibited: IN competition only (8 specific sports)
- #6) Alcohol
- 1. sedating (calm nerves) BUT impairs motor ability
-
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
Insecticides
- irreversible (mostly) = toxin
- Inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase
-
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
Sarin nerve gas
- irreversible (mostly) = toxin
- Inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase
-
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
Aricept (donepezil)
- reversible = medications
- Inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase
- Use: patients with: Alzheimers
-
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
cocaine
block reuptake transporters (Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Serotonin Transporters)
-
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
buproprion (Wellbutrin, Zyban)
block reuptake transporters (Dopamin, Norepinephrine, Serotonin Transporters)
-
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
atomoxetine (Straterra)
- block specific reuptake transporter - Norepinephrine Transporter (NET)
- Anti-ADHD
-
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
paroxetine (Paxil) [SSRI]
- block specific reuptake transporter - Serotonin Transporter (SERT)
- Anti-depressant
- Use: patients with: depression, OCD
-
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
amphetamines (Adderal)/ "Meth" amphetamines
- reverses reuptake transporters (DAT, NET, SERT) = efflux
- Efflux of dopamine, NE, serotonin from neuronal vesicles
- Efflux into synapse via reuptake transporters
- Increases dopamine, NE, serotonin levels in brain
-
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
MAO (monoAmine Oxidase) inhibiting drugs
- doesn't allow for inactivation of NTs by oxidation.
- Use: patients with: depression
-
Nervous System Drugs (Nickola)
Plasmapheresis
- wash your plasma to get inflammatory antibodies stuff out of there
- Use: patients with: Guillain-Barre Syndrome
-
Nervous System Drugs (Nickola)
glucocorticoids, Interferon-Beta, muscle relaxants
- calm immune system, stop the twitches or tetani
- Use: patients with: Multiple Sclerosis
-
Nervous System Drugs (Bryant)
Ketamine
- NMDA channel blockers
- general anesthetic; dissociative anesthetic
-
Nervous System Drugs (Bryant)
Phencyclidine piperdine (PCP)
- NMDA channel blockers
- causes euphoria, hallucinations, hostility, violent behavior
- Use: patients with: (chronic) memory loss, cognitive impairment
-
Nervous System Drugs (Bryant)
Methadone (top 200)
- NMDA channel blockers
- some affinity for NMDA receptor, but MAINLY an opioid antagonist
- Use: patients with: Opiate addiction
-
Nervous System Drugs (Bryant)
memantine (NAMENDA - top 200)
- NMDA channel blockers
- used to slow progression of Alzheimer's Disease
-
Nervous System Drugs (Bryant)
alprazolam
- Anxiolytic
- Benzodiazepines (GABAa potentiation- increases RATE of channel opening)
- Used for:
- bipolar disorder (manic episodes), anxiety disorders, panic disorders, insomnia
- anticonvulsant, antiplasticity
-
Nervous System Drugs (Bryant)
lorazepam
- Anxiolytic
- Benzodiazepines (GABAa potentiation- increases RATE of channel opening)
- Used for:
- bipolar disorder (manic episodes), anxiety disorders, panic disorders, insomnia
- anticonvulsant, antiplasticity
-
Nervous System Drugs (Bryant)
diazepam
- Anxiolytic
- Benzodiazepines (GABAa potentiation- increases RATE of channel opening)
- Used for:
- bipolar disorder (manic episodes), anxiety disorders, panic disorders, insomnia
- anticonvulsant, antiplastiplasticity
-
Nervous System Drugs (Bryant)
phenobarbital (top 200)
- Barbiturates (GABAa potentiation- increases DURATION of channel opening)
- anticonvulsant, sedative/hypnotic
-
Nervous System Drugs (Bryant)
Anxiolytics
- Benzodiazepines (most commonly prescribed)
- Antidepressants, Beta-adreneric blockers
- Buspirone (serotonin receptor agonist)
-
Nervous System Drugs (Bryant)
zolpidem (Ambien)
- Non-benzodiazepine (top 200)
- sleep promotion via GABAa potentiation
-
Nervous System Drugs (Bryant)
eszopiclone (Lunesta)
- Non-benzodiazepine (top 200)
- sleep promotion via GABAa potentiation
-
Nervous System Drugs (Bryant)
liquid ecstasy
- recreational drug- rave scene
- reduce anxiety, euphoria
- GHB (Gamma hydroxybuterate)
-
Nervous System Drugs (Bryant)
date-rape drug
- recreational drug- bar scene
- induces stupor, reduces memory
- GHB (Gamma hydroxybuterate)
-
Nervous System Drugs (Bryant)
GHB in the Gym scene
- recreational drug
- prolonged sleep causes INCREASED GH release
-
Nervous System Drugs (Bryant)
Strychnine
- BLOCK glycine receptor (glycine inhibitor)
- from plant
- used as rat poison
- causes loss of negative control and causes convulsions and rigidity (lose control over muscles)
-
Nervous System Drugs (Bryant)
Tetanus toxin
- INHIBIT glycine release
- from bacteria (deep puncture wound)
- used to promote spasticity and tetanus
-
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
loratadine (Claritin)
- H1 Antagonism
- antihistimine medication for allergies
- low sedation (low entry to CNS)
-
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
cetirizine (Zyrtec)
- H1 Antagonism
- antihistimine medication for allergies
- medium sedation (medium entry to CNS)
-
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
- H1 Antagonism
- antihistimine medication for allergies
- high sedation (high entry to CNS)
-
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
cimetidine (Tagamet)
- H2 Antagonism
- heartburn medication
- note: very high doses may result in erectile dysfunction
-
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
ranitidine (Zantac)
- H2 Antagonism
- heartburn medication
- note: very high doses may result in erectile dysfunction
-
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
Amitriptyline
- inhibits reuptake transporters (NE, serotonin)
- increases NE/serotonin levels in brain
- Anti- depression
-
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
phenylephrine (Sudafed PE)
- Adrenergic receptors: Alpha-1 receptors (blood vessels) Agonism (vasoconstriction)
- Use: patients with: decongestant
-
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
prazosin (Minipress)
- Adrenergic receptors: Alpha-1 receptors (blood vessels) Antagonism (vasodilation)
- Use: patients with: hypertension
-
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
clonidine (Catapres)
- Adrenergic receptors: Alpha-2 (brain, adrenal gland) Agonism (autoreceptor = decrease NE release)
- Use: patients with: hypertension
-
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
dobutamine
- Adrenergic receptors: Beta-1 (heart) Agonism (heart stimulation)
- Use: patients with: heart failure
-
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
metoprolol (Lopressor)
- Adrenergic receptors: Beta-1 (heart) Antagonism (heart inhibition)
- Use: patients with: hypertension
-
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
albuterol (Proventil)
- Adrenergic receptors: Beta-2 (lungs) Agonism (airway-relaxation)
- Use: patients with: asthma
-
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
MDMA (ecstasy)
- positive mood
- reverses reuptake transporters: increases serotonin levels in brain and plasma
-
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
fenfluramine
- loss of appetite
- reverses reuptake transporters: increases serotonin levels in brain and plasma
-
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
buspirone (top 200)
- 5-HT1A (CNS) - [Autoreceptor/heteroreceptor], Agonism
- anxiolytic
- decrease release of glutamine = less anxiety
-
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
sumatriptan
- 5-HT1B/1D (CNS) - [Autoreceptor/heteroreceptor] Agonism
- anti-migraines
- vasoconstriction in CNS
-
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
LSD
- 5-HT2A Agonism
- general excitation in CNS
- hallucinogens (too much activity)
-
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
mushrooms (the bad kind)
- 5-HT2A Agonism
- general excitation in CNS
- hallucinogens (too much activity)
-
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
olanzapine (Zyprexa)
- 5-HT2A Antagonism
- note: inhibits dopamine receptors aslo = side effects
- anti-psychotic
-
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
ondansetron
- 5-HT3 Antagonism
- anti-emetic (inhibit vomiting via receptors on vagus nerve in GI tract and receptors in brain that are accessible to circulating serotonin)
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