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Diaphysis
The shaft of a long bone
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Meniscus
The curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints such as the knee and temporomandibular joint of the jaw
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Articular cartilage
Covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints.
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Cartilage
Smooth, rubbery, blue-white connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones. It is more elastic than bone
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Yellow bone marrow
Functions as a fat storage area, is composed chiefly of fat cells and is located in the medullary cavity
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-Poietic
Pretaining to formation
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Hemopietic
Pretaining to the formation of blood cells
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Red bone marrow
Located within the spongy bone, is a hemopoietic tissue that manafactures red bolld cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and thrombocytes
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Medullary cavity
Located in the shaft of a long bone and is surrounded by compact bone
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Compact bone
The dense, hard and very strong bone that forms the protective outer layer of bones
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Spongy Bone
Lighter, and not as strong, as compact bone. Red bone marrow is located within this spongy bone
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Periosteum
The tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone
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Skeletal System
Consists of the bones, bone marrow, cartilage, joints, ligaments, synovial membrane, synovial fluid and bursa
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Synovi/o, Synov/o
Synovial Fluid
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Synovi/o, synov/o
Synovial Membrane
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Ulna
The larger and longer bone of the forearm
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Radius
The smaller and shorter bone in the forearm.
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Humerus
The bone of the upper arm
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Acromion
An extension of the scapula that forms the high point of the shoulder
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Scapula
Aka: The shoulder blade
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Clavicle
- Aka: The collar bone
- A slender bone that connects the manubrium of the sternum to the scapula
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Pectoral Gridle
Supports the arms and hands; aka: the shoulder gridle
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Xiphoid Process
The structure made of cartilage that forms the lower portion of the sternum
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Body of the sternum
The bony structure that forms the middle portion fo the sternum
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Manubrium
The bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum
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Sternum
- AKA: The brestbone
- Forms the middle of the front of the rib cage and is divided into 3 parts.
- Manbrium, body of the sternum, and xiphoid process
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Floating Ribs
The last 2 pairs of ribs that are only attached posteriorly
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False Ribs
The next 3 pairs of ribs that are attached anteriorly to cartilage that joins with the sternum
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True Ribs
The first seven pairs of ribs attached anteriorly to the sternum
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Thoracic Cavity
- AKA: The rib cage
- The bony structure that protects the heart and lungs
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Mandible
- AKA: The jawbone
- The only movable bone of the skull
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Vomer Bone
Forms the base for the nasal septum
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Inferior Conchae
The thin, scroll-like bones that form part of the interior of the nose
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Lacrimal Bones
Make up part of the orbit at the inner angle of the eye
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Palatine Bones
Form part of the hard plate of the mouth and the floor of the nose
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Maxillary Bones
Form most of the upper jaw
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Zygomatic Bones
AKA: Cheekbones Articulate with the frontal bone
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Nasal Bones
Form the upper part of the bridge of the nose
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External Auditory meatus
Located in the temporal bone on each side of the skull
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Auditory Ossicles
Six tiny bones in the middle ear.
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Ethmoid Bone
Forms part of the posterior portion of the nose, orbit and the floor of the cranium
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Orbit
Bony socket that surrounds and protects the eyeball
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Sphenoid Bone
Forms part of the base of the skull and parts of the floor and sides of the orbit.
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Temporal Bones
Form the sides and base of the cranium
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Occipital Bone
Forms the posterior floor and walls of the cranium
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Parietal Bones
Form most of the roof and upper sides of cranium
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Frontal bone
- Forms the forehead
- Bone of the cranium
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Cranium
Made up of 8 bones and its the portion of the skull that encloses the brain
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Appendicular Skeleton
Makes body movement possible and also protects the organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction
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Axial Skelton
Protects the major organs of the nervous, respitaroy and circulartory system
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Osteomalacia
- Abnormal softening of bones in adults
- Aka: Adult Rickets
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Osteitis
Inflammation of a bone
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Fibrous dysplasia
A bone disorder of unknown cause that destroys normal bone structure and replaces it with fibrous (scar like) tissue
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Craniostenosis
- A malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranial sutures
- Crani/o means skull
- -stenosis means abnormal narrowing
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Scoliosis
Abnormal lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine
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Lordosis
The abnormal increase in the forward curvatre of hte lumbar spine. Aka: Swayback
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Kyphosis
Abnormal increase inthe outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side
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Spina Bifida
A congenital defect that occurs during early pergnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it
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Spondylolishesis
The forward slipping movement of hte body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it
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Lumbago
- Aka: Low back pain
- The pain of the lumbar region of the spine
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Herniated Disk
- Aka: Slipped or ruptured disk
- The breaking apart of an intervertebral disk that results in pressure on spinal nerve roots
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Ankylosing Spondylitis
A form of RA that primarily causes inflammation of hte joints between the verterbrae
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Rheumatoid Arthritis
Chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of the other body systems are attacked
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Gouty Arthritis
- Aka: Gout
- Type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid in the joints
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Spondylosis
- Aka: Spinal osteoarthritis
- Degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function
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Osteoarthritis
- Aka: Wear and tear arthritis
- Most commonly associated with aging
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Arthritis
Inflammatory condition of one or more joints
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Subluxation
The partial displacement of a bone from its joint
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Dislocation
- Aka: Luxation
- The total displacement of a bone from its joint
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Synovitis
Inflammation of the synovial membrane that results in sewlling and pain of the affected joint
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Hemarthrosis
Blood within a joint
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Hallux Valgus
- Aka: Bunion
- The abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe
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Chondroma
A slow growing benign tumor derived form cartilage cells
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Chondroma
An inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum
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Chondromalacia
The abnormal softening of cartilage
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Brusitis
An inflammation of a brusa
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Arthrosclerosis
The stiffness of the joints, especially in the eldery
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Ankylosis
The loss or absence of mobility in a joint due to disease, injury or a surgical procedure
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Osteopath
Holds a Dr of osteopathy degree and uses traditional forms of medical tx in addition to specializing in treating health problems by spinal manipulation
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Orthopedic Surgeon
A physician who specializes in the diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints and muscles
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Chiropractor
Dr that specializes in the diagnosing and treating of diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints and muscles
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Metatarsals
Form that part of the foot to which the toes are attached
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Calcaneus
- Aka: The heel bone
- The largest of the tarsal bones
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Talus
The anklebone that articulates with the tibia and fibula
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Tarsal
The 7 short bones that make up the ankle
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Ankles
Form the joint between the lower leg and the foot
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Malleolus
The rounded bony protuberance on each side of the ankle
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Fibula
The smaller of the two bones in the lower leg
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Tibia
- Aka: The shinebone
- The lager weight bearing bone in the anterior of the lower leg
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Cruciate Ligaments
Makes the movemtnts of the knee possible
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Popliteal
Referring to the posterior space behind the knee where the ligaments, vessels and muscles related to this joint are located
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Patella
- Aka: The kneecap
- The bony anterior portion of the knee
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Knees
The complex joints that make possible movement between the upper and lower leg
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Acetabulum
- Aka: The hip socket
- The large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint
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Pubis
Forms the anterior portion of the pubic bone, is located just below the urinary bladder
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Ischium
Forms the lower posterior portion of the pubic bone, bears the weight of the body when sitting
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Ilium
The broad blade shaped bone that forms the back and sides of the pubic bone
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Pelvic Grindle
Protects internal organs and supports the lower extremities, aka pelvis or hips
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Intervertebral Disks
Are made of cartilage, separate and cushion the vertebrae from each other
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Coccyx
- Aka: the tailbone
- Forms the end of the spine and is actually made up of 4 small vertebrae that are fused together
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Sacrum
The slightly curved, triangular-shaped bone near the base of the spine that forms the lower portion of the back
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Lumbar Vertebrae
Make up the third set of the 5 vertebrae and form the inward curve of the lower spine
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Thoracic Vertebrae
Make up the second set of 12 vertebrae. The form the outward curve of the spine and are known as T1-T12
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Cervical Vertebrae
The first set of 7 vertebrae that for the neck
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Vertebrae
The bony sturcture units of the spinal column
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Spinal Column
Supports the head and body
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Phalanges
The 14 bones of the fingers and bones of the toes
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Metacarpals
The 5 bones that form the palms of the hand
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Carpals
8 bones that form the wrist
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Olecranon Process
Commonly known as the funny bone. Forms the point of the elbow and exposes a nerve that tingles when struck
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Osteopenia
Thinner than the average bone density in a young person. Used to describe the condition of someone who does not yet have osteoporosis, but is at risk of developing it
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Osteoporosis
A marked loss of bone density and an increase in a bone porosity that is frequently associated with aging
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Osteochondroma
A benign bony projection covered with cartilage
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Myeloma
A type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells found in the red bone marrow
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Secondary bone cancer
Describes tumors that have metastasized (spread) to bones form other organs such as the brests and lungs
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Primary bone cancer
A relatively rare malignant tumor that orginates in a bone
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Talipes
- Aka: Clubfoot
- Describes any congential deformity of the foot involving the talus (ankle bone)
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Short Stature
- Aka: Dawrfism
- A condition resultin form the failure of the bones of hte limbs to grow to an appropriate length
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Rickets
A deficiency disease occurring in children
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Periostitis
Inflammation of the peristeum
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Paget's Disease
A bone disease of unknown cause. This condition is characterized by the excessive breakdown of the bone tissue, followed by abnormal bone formation.
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Osteonercrosis
The death of bone tissue due to lack of insufficient blood supply
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Bones
oss/e, oss/i, oste/o, ost/o
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