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scientists who study anatomy
anatomists
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body can be categorized into three main divisions:
head, trunk, appendages
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a network of systems
body
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a group of organs functioning together as a unit to preform a definite job for the body
system
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a group of tissues with a definite form that preforms a definite function or functions
organ
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a group of cells working together to preform a particular function
tissue
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the smallest living unit in the body
cell
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to survive, your body must have: ______, ______, and ______ supplied and ______ removed
food, water, oxygen, wastes
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over 50% of your body consists of the straw-colored liquid called
plasma
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in one drop of blood, there are millions of ______ ______ ______ which transport oxygen to the other cells of the body
red blood cells
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red blood cells travel on special proteins called
hemoglobin
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purpose of cardiovascular system
transports nutrients, wastes, respiratory gases, and other materials
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purpose of respiratory system
provides oxygen to the blood and removes carbon dioxide from it
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purpose of digestive system
breaks down and absorbs nutrients
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purpose of urinary system
concentrates and removes liquid wastes
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purpose of lymphatic system
transports lymph, protects body against invasion
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purpose of integumentary system
covers and protects the body
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purpose of skeletal system
supports the body, provides attachment for muscles, protects vital organs
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purpose of muscular system
moves body parts
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purpose of nervous system
controls body functions and activities
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purpose of endocrine system
controls certain internal body functions
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purpose of reproductive system
forms reproductive cells
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-
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carry blood Away from the heart
arteries
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smaller vessels that arteries branch into
arterioles
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smallest blood vessels, arterioles branch into these
capillaries
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the mixing of gas or liquid molecules by random molecular motion
diffusion
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carry blood toward the heart
veins
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what system helps blood move through your veins
muscular system
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upper chamber of heart
atrium
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lower chamber of heart
ventricle
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tough, slippery membrane that encloses the heart
pericardium
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type of circulation that transports the blood back and forth between the lungs and heart
pulmonary circulation
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what type of circulation allows the blood flow to the heart tissues and provides the large amounts of oxygen and nutrients
coronary circulation
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what type of circulation is the flow of blood between the heart and the rest of the body
systemic circulation
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air travels first through what
nasal cavity
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lines the nasal cavity and secretes sticky mucus that traps dust particles and other foreign substances found in the air
mucous membrane
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where does air travel second
pharynx (throat)
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where does air travel third
larynx (voice box)
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where does air travel fourth
trachea (windpipe)
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where does air travel last
bronchi
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large, spongy organs of the respiratory system that help you breathe
lungs
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tiny air sacs in the lungs
alveoli
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muscle that helps you breathe
diaphragm
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the path food follows through the digestive system is called
alimentary canal
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chews food and mixes it with saliva
mouth
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molecules designed to make chemical reactions occur very rapidly
enzymes
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visible part of teeth
crown
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hardest substance in the body
enamel
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part of tooth that is not covered by enamel
root
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hard, bonelike structure that forms and shapes the tooth
dentin
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holds the tooth firmly in its socket
cementum
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connects the cementum to the jawbone
periodontal membrane
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long, muscular tube that connects your mouth to your stomach
esophagus
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the involuntary contraction of muscles in the esophagus that pushes the food toward your stomach
peristalsis
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trapdoor that keeps food from entering the trachea
epiglottis
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muscular organ that acts as a storage and mixing chamber
stomach
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the organ where most chemical digestion and food absorption occurs
small intestine
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the first 10" of the small intestine
duodenum
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cover the inside walls of the small intestine and absorb the food
villi
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the body's Largest internal organ
liver
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-
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produces pancreatic juice
pancreas
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another name for large intestine
colon
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short section at the end of the colon
rectum
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filter waste products and excess water from your blood
kidneys
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connect kidneys to the bladder
ureters
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the canal that discharges urine from the body
urethra
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liquid that surrounds every cell in the body
tissue fluid
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tissue fluid after it cleaned the cell
lymph
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enlarged bundles of lymphatic tissue
lymph nodes
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disease-causing organisms
pathogens
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the largest lymphatic organ
spleen
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main job of the spleen
filter out and dispose of dead cells and microbes in the blood
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what is part of your immune system
lymphatic system
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what type of cells attack
white blood cells
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what type of white blood cells attack first
neutrophilis
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what cells move in after the neutrophilis, means big eaters
macrophages
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neutrophilis and macrophages are two types of, means eater cells
phagocytes
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what cells produce antiBodies
B cells
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kills an infecTed cell
killer T
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remain as memory cells
B cells
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allows lymphocytes to grow and mature
thymus
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