different (allosteric site: a specific receptor site on some part of an enzyme molecule remote from the active site)
ana-
up (anabolic pathway: a metabolic pathway that consumes energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones)
bio-
life (bioenergetics: the study of how organisms manage their energy resources)
cata-
down (catabolic pathway: a metabolic pathway that releases energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones)
endo-
within (endergonic reaction: a reaction that absorbs free energy from its surroundings)
ex-
out (exergonic reaction: a reaction that proceeds with a net release of free energy)
kinet-
movement (kinetic energy: the energy of motion)
therm-
heat (thermodynamics: the study of the energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter)
amphi- 7
dual (amphipathic molecule: a molecule that has both a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic region)
aqua- 7
water
-pori 7
a small opening (aquaporin: a transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane)
co- 7
together
trans-
across (cotransport: the coupling of the "downhill" diffusion of one substance to the "uphill" transport of another against its own concentration gradient)
electro- 7
electricity
-genic 7
producing (electrogenic pump: an ion transport protein generating voltage across a membrane)
endo- 7
inner
cyto- 7
cell (endocytosis: the movement of materials into a cell. Cell-eating
exo- 7
outer (exocytosis: the movement of materials out of a cell)
hyper- 7
exceeding
-tonus 7
tension (hypertonic: a solution with a higher concentration of solutes)
hypo- 7
lower (hypotonic: a solution with a lower concentration of solutes)
iso- 7
same; (isotonic: solutions with equal concentrations of solutes)
phago- 7
eat (phagocytosis: cell eating)
pino- 7
drink (pinocytosis: cell drinking)
plasm- 7
molded
-lyso 7
loosen (plasmolysis: a phenomenon in walled cells in which the cytoplasm shrivels and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall when the cell loses water to a hypertonic environment)
centro- 6
the center
-soma 6
a body (centrosome: material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells and important during cell division)
chloro- 6
green (chloroplast: the site of photosynthesis in plants and eukaryotic algae)
cili- 6
hair (cilium: a short hair-like cellular appendage with a microtubule core)
cyto- 6
cell (cytosol: a semifluid medium in a cell in which are located organelles)
-ell 6
small (organelle: a small formed body with a specialized function found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells)
endo- 6
inner (endomembrane system: the system of membranes within a cell that includes the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the plasma membrane)
eu- 6
true (eukaryotic cell: a cell that has a true nucleus)
extra- 6
outside (extracellular matrix: the substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded)
flagell- 6
whip (flagellum: a long whip-like cellular appendage that moves cells)
glyco- 6
sweet (glycoprotein: a protein covalently bonded to a carbohydrate)
lamin- 6
sheet/layer (nuclear lamina: a netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus)
lyso- 6
loosen (lysosome: a membrane-bounded sac of hydrolytic enzymes that a cell uses to digest macromolecules)
micro- 6
small
-tubul 6
a little pipe (microtubule: a hollow rod of tubulin protein in the cytoplasm of almost all eukaryotic cells)
nucle-
nucleus
-oid 6
like (nucleoid: the region where the genetic material is concentrated in prokaryotic cells)
phago- 6
to eat
plasm- 6
molded
-desma
a band or bond (plasmodesmata: an open channel in a plant cell wall)
-kytos 6
vessel (phagocytosis: a form of cell eating in which a cell engulfs a smaller organism or food particle)
pro- 6
before
karyo-
nucleus (prokaryotic cell: a cell that has no nucleus)
pseudo- 6
false
-pod 6
foot (pseudopodium: a cellular extension of amoeboid cells used in moving and feeding)
thylaco- 6
sac or pouch (thylakoid: a series of flattened sacs within chloroplasts)
tono- 6
stretched
-plastm 6
molded (tonoplast: the membrane that encloses a large central vacuole in a mature plant cell)
trans- 6
across
-port 6
a harbor (transport vesicle: a membranous compartment used to enclose and transport materials from one part of a cell to another)
ultra- 6
beyond (ultracentrifuge: a machine that spins test tubes at the fastest speeds to separate liquids and particles of different densities)
vacu- 6
empty (vacuole: sac that buds from the ER, Golgi, or plasma membrane)