-
cardivascular drugs...
- HTN
- hyperlipidemia
- CHF
- angina
- MI
- cardiac arrhythmias
- peripheral vasuclar disease
-
blood pressure is measured by which 2 numbers?
- systolic-max arterial pressure
- diastolic-min arterial pressure
-
what is HTN?
increase in systolic/diastolic blood pressure
-
what is second HTN?
has another cause
-
essential HTN....
no identified cause
-
what is the stepped-care approach?
prior to meds, lifestyle changes may be tried.
-
what do beta blockers do?
heart beat less, dilate blood vessels resulting in lowering blood pressure!
-
beta blocker drugs.
zebata, lopressor, bystolic
-
what do calcium channel blockers do?
relax smooth muscle blood vessels dilate which decreases blood pressure
ex: norvasc
-
what does ACE stand for?
angiotension-converting enzyme
-
ACE inhibitors........
lower blood pressure differently but DO NOT cause blood vessel dilation
ex:lotensin, capoten, vasotec, monopril, zestril, accupril
-
angiotension II receptor blocker drugs.....
keep from binding to and activating receptors
ex: diovan
-
peripheral vasodilator drugs...
relax smooth muscle letting them dilate lowering BP
ex: apresoline and minoxidil
-
*Did ya know?
ROGAINE (minoxidil) lowers BP and also is used for balding
-
hyperlipidemia..........
both high cholesterol/high triglycerides in the blood.
-
LDL is what?
bad cholestrol
-
HDL is what..?
good cholestrol
-
animal products do what to cholestrol?
increase
-
non-animal products do what to triglycerides?
increase
-
when cholestrol and triglycerides bind to proteins what is it called?
lipoproteins
-
antihyperlipidemia drugs act to:
- increase HDL levels
- decrease LDL levels
- decrease VLDL levels
-
drugs called statin drugs and are used to lower cholestrol are:
lipitor, questran, pravastatin
-
drug used to lower triglycerides:
lopid
-
CHF is......
heart is enlarged and is too weak to pump blood
-
right sided heart failure.....
pooling of blood in venous circulation producing distended neck veins, liver enlargment, and edema in the extremities.
-
left sided heart failure......
backup of blood in lungs causing pulmonary edema
-
1st drug used for cardiac glycosides which heart pump slower and stronger.......
digoxin
-
what is the SA node?
pacemaker of heart
-
negative chronotropic effect....
release of actylcholine slows electrical conduction allowing heart to fill completely bf next contraction
-
postive inotropic effect..........
cardiac glycosides increase strength contractions slowing heart to pump all blood out!
-
symptoms of dig toxicity....
pulse rate below 60, confusion, restlessness, N/V, diarrhea, hallucinations, yellow-green halos around lights.
-
methods to treat dig toxicity.
- decrease dosage of cardiac glycoside
- decrease frequency given
- administer an antidote-questran, digibind
-
vasopressor drugs...
dobutrex and dopamine
-
angina......
heart muscle isn't receiving enough oxygenated blood
-
what does cellular ischemia mean?
not enough oxygen getting into the cells
-
if ischemia goes untreated what can happen?
MI-heart attack
-
drugs to treat angina.......
- nitrates
- beta blockers
- calcium channel blockers
-
beta blocker drugs for angina.....
- decreasing heart rate which decrease need for more oxygen--decrease pain
- ex: atenolol-tenormin, metoprolol-lopressor, propranolol-inderal
-
calcium channel blockers for angina............
- relax smooth muscle blood vessels decrease arterial pressure--decreases hearts need for oxygen----dilates coronary arteries
- ex: amlodipine-norvasc, diltiazem-cardizem, verapamil-calan
-
drugs that can prevent 2nd heart attacks........
asipirin, inderal, tenormin, lopressor
-
cardiac arrhythmias........
abnormal conduction electrical impulses in heart
i.e. bradycardia, heart block, tachycardia, atrial flutter, v-fib
-
periphearal vascular disease.....
decreased blood flow to extremities, heart disease, diabetes, arteriosclerosis.
-
pulmonary arterial hypertension.......
high pressure in lungs require heart-lung transplant.
ex: flolan, revatio
-
hypertensive crisis.....
- life threating nature of increased blood pressure.
- ex: given iv---hyperstat
|
|
