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Agent generated Demands
The needs made evident by the hazard. Problems resulting from the disaster agent itself.
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Atmospheric Hazards
A hazard agent that is produced in or by the earth's atmosphere
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Biological Hazards
Agents that spread disease or are otherwise poisonous
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Civil/ Conflict Hazards
Violent events that have the potential to produce mass casualties
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Computer Hazards
A disruptive hazard associated with computer hardware and software
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Disasters
- Deadly
- Destructive
- Disruptive
- Occur when a hazard interacts with human vulnerability.
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Emergency Managers
- Public servants that help jurisdictions reduce the liabilities that lead to disasters.
- Help build community disaster capabilities.
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Environmental Hazards
Agents that involve degradation of the environment.
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First Responders
- Public Safety personnel such as
- Police
- EMS
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Geological Hazards
Earth's Soil and rock
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Hazard
- A physical
- technological
- or intentional agent
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Hydro Hazards
Earth's water systems
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Industrial Hazards
Produced by the extraction, creation, distribution, storage, use, and disposal of chemicals
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Mercalli scale
Scale that measures earthquakes based on physical observation
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Mitigation
Activities that attempt to prevent disasters or reduce potential for loss
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Mitigation-generated demands
The desire to learn from the disaster and avoid making similar mistakes.
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Natural Hazards
- physical environment .
- Radiation
- Heat Flow
- Gravity
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Narmalcy-Generated Demands
The pressures to get things back to pre-disaster conditions.
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Response
Activity in the IMMEDIATE aftermath to protect life and property
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Response-generated Demands
The needs that are made evident as we try to meet agent-generated demands
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Safir-Simpson Scale
Explain the magnitude of hurricane in terms of wind and storm surge.
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Technological Hazard
Hazard Agents related to industry, structures, haz mat, computers
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Terrorism
The threat or use of violence to intimidate someone or a government
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Toxins
Poisons created by plants and animals
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CERT
Concerned Citizens who receive some basic disaster training.
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Emergency Management Assistance Compact
Similar to a mutual aid agreement but for states
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Emergent Org.
Individuals who work together to perform common goals but do not have a formalized org.
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Established Org.
Groups that perform routine tasks with existing structures
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Expanding Org.
Groups that perform routine task with new structures.
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Extending Org.
Groups that perform nonroutine tasks with existing structures.
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FEMA
Created late 70s by Carter
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Mutual Aid
The sharing of personnel, gear, and facilities.
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Nat'l Guard
Military under the Governor
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National Response Plan
A document that describes what the gov. will do in catastrophic disasters
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Private Sector
Businesses and corporations
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Public Sector
Government offices, departments, and agencies
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Features of Traditional Model
- 1. Highest priority to War Disasters
- 2. Gov. is most reliable due to social chaos.
- 3. Strict Hierarchy and SOPs
- 4. EM cares about first-responder issues only
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Strengths of Trad. Model
- War May have most adverse impact on disaster
- Government is important actor
- SOPs provide logical guidelines
- Hierarchy may save lives
- Natural desire to bring order
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Weakness of Trad. Model
- Nat. and Tech. disasters are more common.
- Gov. is NOT the only actor
- SOPs cannot provide all guidance
- Top-Down structures may slow down response
- It may be impossible to control a disaster
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Features of Prof. Model
- 1. Nobody responds alone
- 2. Emergence cannot be prevented
- 3. The public is a resource
- 4. Hierarchical and top-down relations is sometimes impossible
- 5. No emergency plan will account for all types of disasters
- 6. Willingness to adapt.
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Strengths of Prof. Model
- All-Hazards approach
- Acknowledges many actors
- Stresses integration of involved Parties
- Allows for Improv
- Broad picture of disasters
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Weakness of Prof. Model
- Downplays wartime disasters
- Downplays Gov. Response
- Fails to recognize importance of hierarchical leadership
- Overlooks benefits of SOPs
- Fails to see details of field level operations
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