Hormones (Origins, Class, and Functions)

From Adrenal Cortex; Steroid; Stimulates Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion in kidney

From Adrenal Cortex; Steroid; Act one bone to cause growth spurt at puberty. Increases sex drive in females by action on brain

From Adrenal Cortex; Steroid; part of stress response. Affect metabolism of many tissues to increase blood glucose and cause protein and fat catabolism

From Adrenal Medulla; Catecholamine; Part of stress response. Reinforce sympathetic nervous system. Influence cardiovascular function and organic metabolism of many tissues

From Adrenal Medulla; Catecholamine; Part of stress response. Reinforce sympathetic nervous system. Influence cardiovascular function and organic metabolism of many tissues

From Anterior Pituitary gland; Peptide; Promotes development of mammary gland during pregnancy. Stimulates milk synthesis and secretion during lactation. Promotes caring for young by both males and females in many species of fish, birds, and mammals.

From Anterior Pituitary gland; Peptide; Stimulates growth and metabolism of bone and soft tissue. Promotes protein synthesis, glucose conservation, and fat mobilization. Stimulates secretion of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs, also called somatomedins) by liver.

From Anterior Pituitary Gland; Peptide; In mammals, also produced in hypothalamus. Reduces appetite, suppresses immune system. Does not determine skin coloration. (Causes skin darkening in amphibians, nonavian reptiles, and fish by stimulating dispersal of granules containing the pigment melanin)

From Anterior Pituitary Gland; Peptide; Stimulates glucocorticoid secretion by adrenal cortex and supports adrenal cortical tissue (tropic action)

From Anterior Pituitary; Peptide; Stimulates hormone synthesis and secretion by thyroid gland. Is tropic.

From Anterior Pituitary Gland; Peptide; Stimulates sperm production in testis, follicular growth in the ovary, and sex hormone production in male and female gonads. Is tropic.

From Anterior Pituitary Gland; Peptide; Stimulates sex hormone production in male and female gonads, ovulation, and development of corpus luteum. Is tropic.

From Anterior Pituitary Gland; Peptide; Possibly decrease perception of pain

From Bone Osteoblasts; Peptide; Regulates metabolism by increasing secretion of insulin, reducing fat storage by adipose cells, and increasing sensitivity of body's cells to insulin (demonstrated in mice)

From Fat (White Adipose) Tissue; Peptide; Influences food intake (promotes weight loss), metabolic rate, and reproductive functions. Regulates bone remodeling

From Fat (White Adipose) Tissue; Peptide; Influence metabolism, inflammation, cardiovascular functions

From the Gastrointestinal Tract (GI tract); Peptides; Aid in digestion and absorption of nutrients by various actions on GI Tract, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder

From Gastrointestinal Tract (GI Tract); peptides; Aid in digestion and absorption of nutrients by various actions on GI Tract, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder

From the Gonads; Steroid; Promote maturation of follicle, ovulation, and secondary sex characteristics. Prepare the uterus for pregnancy by actions during estrous and menstrual cycles. Promote closure of epiphyseal growth plate of bone

From the Gonads; Steroid; Prepares the uterus for pregnancy

From the Gonads; Peptide; Inhibits secretion of FSH from anterior pituitary in males and females

From the Gonads; Peptide; Stimulates secretion of FSH. Promotes Spermatogenesis and follicle development

From the Gonads; Peptide; May make cervix and pelvic ligaments more pliable

From the Gonads; Peptide; Functions in male fetal development

From the Gonads; Steroid; Promote sperm production and secondary sexual characteristics. Promote sex drive in males. Enhance growth at puberty. Promote closure of epiphyseal plate of bone

From the Heart (cells in Atria); Peptide; Promotes Na+ and water excretion in kidney

From the Hypothalamus; Peptide; Stimulate or Inhibit secretion of anterior pituitary hormones. Releasing hormones are tropic

From the Hypothalamus; Peptide; Stimulates secretion of ACTH

From the Hypothalamus; peptide; Stimulates secretion of TSH and prolactin

From the Hypothalamus; Peptide; Stimulates secretion of growth hormone

From the Hypothalamus; Peptide; Inhibits secretion of Growth Hormone

From the Hypothalamus; Peptide; Stimulates secretion of FSH and LH

From the Hypothalamus; Not a Peptide; Inhibits the secretion of prolactin

From the Hypothalamus; Peptide; Inhibits secretion of MSH

From the Hypothalamus; Peptide; Promotes wakefulness. Modulates reward pathways. Stimulates food intake

From the Kidney; Peptide; Cleaves angiotensinogen to form angiotensin I

From the Kidney; Peptide; Stimulates red blood cell production in bone marrow

From the Kidney; Steroid; Increases body calcium

From the Liver; Peptide; Converted in blood to angiotensin II, which stimulates aldosterone secretion, promotes thirst, and causes vasoconstriction and secretion of vasopressin

From the Liver; Peptide; Promote cell division and growth of many tissues (IGFs are also secreted by other tissues, such as muscle)

From the Pancreas (Endocrine Cells); Peptide; Promotes uptake and storage of nutrients by most cells

From the Pancreas (Endocrine Cells); Peptide; Maintains blood levels of nutrients after a meal and during stress

From the Pancreas (Endocrine Cells); Peptide; Inhibits digestion and absorption of nutrients by the GI Tract

From the Parathyroid gland; Peptide; Increases Ca²⁺ and decreases plasma phosphate levels in the blood by action on kidney and bone. Stimulates vitamin D activation by action at kidney, bone, and intestine

Pineal Gland; Amine; Controls circadian rhythms. Seasonal breeding, migration, hibernation. Possibly sexual maturity. Causes skin lightening in amphibians and lampreys

From the Placenta of pregnant female mammals; Steroids; Support pregnancy and fetal and maternal development

From the Placenta of pregnant female mammals; Peptide; Extends functional life of corpus luteum in ovary (horses and primates)

From the Placenta of pregnant female mammals; Peptide; May make cervix and pelvic ligaments more pliable

From the Placenta of pregnant female mammals; Peptide; May support mammary gland development during pregnancy. May change maternal metabolism to support fetus

From the Posterior Pituitary Gland; Peptides (produced in hypothalamus and transported to posterior pituitary; Regulate water reabsorption at kidney. vasoconstriction

From the Posterior Pituitary Gland; Peptides (produced in hypothalamus and transported to posterior pituitary; Stimulates uterine contraction during parturition and milk ejection from mammary glands during suckling

From the Skin; Steroid; Increases body Calcium when activated

From the Thymus gland; Peptide; Stimulates T-lymphocyte development and proliferation

From the Thymus gland; Peptide; Stimulates T-lymphocyte development and proliferation

From the Thyroid gland; Iodinated Amines; Increase metabolism of many tissues. Necessary for normal growth and development of the nervous system

From the Thyroid Gland; Peptide; Decreases blood Ca²⁺ levels in some animals by action on bone (secreted by C cells)