C&M

general term for enzymes that catalyze a hydrolytic cleavage reaction

breaks down nucleic acids by hydrolyzing bonds between nucleotides

breaks down proteins by hydrolyzing peptide bonds between amino acids

general name used for enzymes that synthesize molecules in anabolic reactions by condensing two molecules together

catalyzes the rearrangement of bonds within a single molecule

catalyzes polymerization reactions such as the synthesis of DNA and RNA

catalyzes the addition of phosphate groups to molecules. protein kinases are an important group of kinases that attach phosphate groups to proteins

catalyzes the hydrolytic removal of a phosphate group from a molecule

• general name for enzymes that catalyze reactions in which one molecule is oxidized while the other is reduced
• Enzymes of this type are often called oxidases, reductase, or dehydrogenases

• hydrolyzes ATP
• Many proteins with a wide range of roles have an energy-harnessing ATPase activity as part of their function, including motor proteins such as myosin and membrane transport proteins such as the sodium-potassium pump

covalent bonds link amino acids into polypeptide chain

hydrogen bonds from alpha helix and beta sheets

hydrogen, Van der Waals, ionic and non-polar bonds complete folding

interactions between protein subunits