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Cultural Anthropology Chapter 6
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arbitrary nature of language
The meanings attached to words in any language are not based on a logical or rational system but rather are arbitrary.
displacement
The ability to talk about things that are remote in time and space.
closed system of communication
Communication in which the user acannot create new sounds or words by combining two or more existing sounds or words.
open system of communication
Communication in which thee user can create new sounds or words by combining two or more existing sounds or words.
phonology
The study of a language's sound system.
descriptive linguistics
The branch of anthropological linguistics that studies how languages are structured.
phonemes
The smallest units of sound in a language that distinguish meaning.
morphemes
The smallest linguistic forms (usually words) that convey meaning.
free morphene
A morpheme that can convey meaning while standing alone without being attached to other morphemes.
bound morpheme
A morpheme that can convey meaning only when combined with another morpheme.
grammar
The systematic rules by which sounds are combined in a language o enable users to send and receive meaningful utterances.
morphology
The study of the rules governing how morphemes are formed into words.
syntax
The linguistic rules, found in all languages, that determine how phrases and sentences are constructed.
synchronic analysis
The analysis of cultural data at a single point in time, rather than through time.
diachronic analysis
The analysis of sociocultural data through time, rather than at a single point in time.
historical linguistics
The study of how languages change over time.
language family
A grouping of related languages.
cultural linguistics
The study of the relationship between language and culture.
cultural emphasis of a language
The idea that the vocabulary in any language tends to emphasize words that are adaptively important in that culture.
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
The notion that a person's language shapes her or his perceptions and view of the world.
doublespeak
The use of euphemisms to confuse or deceive.
code switching
The practice of adapting one's language depending on the social situation.
diglossia
The situation in which two forms of the same language are spoken by people in the same language community at different times and places.
dialects
Regional or class variations of a language that are sufficiently similar to be mutually intelligible.
nonverbal communication
The various means by which humans send and receive messages without using words (for example, gestures, facial expressions, and touching).
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Author
anahoj
ID
41558
Card Set
Cultural Anthropology Chapter 6
Description
Language and Communication
Updated
2010-10-12T04:01:54Z
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