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Bowel refers to
the intestine.
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Stool is
waste eliminated from the colon.
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Ostomy is
opening into the intestine.
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Chyme is
liquefied food and digestive juices.
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Rectum is
the distal portion of the large intestine where feces are stored.
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Anus is
the opening of the rectum at the skin.
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Peristalsis is
wavelike movement through the intestines.
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Feces is
intestinal waste material.
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Sphincter is
circular muscle that closes an orifice.
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Gastrocolic relex (stomach to colon)
initiates peristalsis, which in turn initiates the urge to defecate.
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Valsalva maneuver is
closure of the glottis and tightening of abdominal muscles after intra-abdominal pressure increases when one holds one's breath.
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Atrophy is
a decrease in size or wasting away of a cell, tissure, organ or part.
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Bile is
orange or yellow digestive fluid produced by the liver.
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Occult is
hidden or old blood is suspected when the stool changes from a normal brown appearance to a dark black color with a sticky appearance.
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Hemorrhoid is
an enlarged vein inside or just outside the rectum.
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Melena is
dark tarry substance -changed from blood moving through the stomach or small intestine, undergoes partial digestion.
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Steatorrhea are
stools with an abnormally high fat content are usually foul smelling and float on water.
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Constipation is
decreased frequency of bowel movement or passage of hard, dry feces.
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Any pt restricted to bed rest is at risk for
constipation.
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Flatus (gas) causes
abdominal distention, accumulation in the intestinal tract when peristalsis is reduced or absent.
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Fecal impaction is
when the rectum and sigmoid colon become filled with hardened fecal material.
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Diarrhea is
frequent loose stool.
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Fecal incontinence is
the lack of volunatry control over the anal sphincter.
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Distention is
revealed by an abdomen that is rounder and tighter in apperance than normal. Assessed by percussion and gently palpate 4 quadrants.
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Task of assisting with ambulation is
assigned to the nursing assistant.
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When the average pt has not experienced bowel evacuation within 3 days
measures should be taken to assist elimination.
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Measures to rid the bowel of barium are
essential after a pt has had a barium x-rays. encourage an increase in fluid intake of 3500 mL/day for the next 24 hrs.
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Excoriation is
abrasion of the skin.
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Observe for signs of dehydration when the pt has severe diarrhea:
decreased skin turgor, dry mucous membranes with thick saliva, and increased thirst.
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Self-medication for diarrhea should not continue for more than
48 hrs without consulting a physician.
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Rectal suppositories are
used to promote bowel movements are glycerin and bisacodyl.
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An enema is
the introduction of fluid into the rectum and colon by means of a tube.
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Enemas are given to
stimulate the peristalsis and the urge to defecate or to wash out the waste products or feces.
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Retention enema is
an oil retention enema given to a pt for constipation. Should be retained at least 20 minutes.
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Distention reduction enema are
given to relieves discomfort from flatus causing distention.
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Medicated enema is
a solution with drugs to reduce bacteria or remove potassium.
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Disposable enema
stimulates peristalsis by acting as irritant.
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Enemas until clear
no more than 3 large volume enemas are given
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Vagal response is
activation of the vagal nerve, may cause a slow pulse and cardiac dysrhythmia and alteration in blood pressure may develop.
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If vagal response occurs you should
immediately stop procedure, place pt in suping position, monitor vital signs and notify physician.
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Bowel training program is
based on the principles for establishing regular bowel elimination: adequate diet, sufficient fluids, adequate exercise, and sufficient rest.
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Ostomy is
a diversion of intenstinal contents from the normal path.
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Stoma is
an opening into the intestine or an external tissue pouch with a valve nipple opening.
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Appliances are
devices to gather and contain output.
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Ileostomy is
an opening surgically created at the ileum to divert intestinal contents.
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Effluent is
fecal matter from an ileostomy is liquid.
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Colostomy is
an opening into the colon.
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Periostomal is
around the stoma.
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A pale or dusky stoma indicates
compromised blood supply and should be reported to the physician.
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It is essential that
appliance should be correct size for the pt's stoma.
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