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What Aegean civilization was on the island of Crete?
Minoans
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When did the Minoans begin?
2000BC
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4 Trade products of the Minoans
- 1) Olive oil
- 2) Fine pottery
- 3) Painting- Frescos (painting on wet plaster)
- 4) Relief sculptures
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What is a Frescos?
A painting on wet plaster.
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What is the keyword of the Aegean civ and Mycenae?
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When did the Mycenae civ begin?
1400BC
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Where did the Mycenae civ begin and end.
- 1) First on Crete
- 2) Then on Greek mainland
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Who defeated the Dorians and when?
Mycenae 1200 BC
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When were the dark ages?
- 1150-750 BC
- Knowledge based mainly on The Iliad & the Odyssey by Homer
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Greek values shaped during this time
- a. Dignity
- b. Strength
- c. Valor
- d. Bravery
- e. Generosity
- f. Wisdom
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anthropomorphic?
having human form or attributes
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4 Greek gods
- 1. Zeus- king of gods and man
- 2. Apollo- god of sun, music, medicine
- 3. Athena- goddess of wisdom
- 4. Poseidon- god of the sea and earthquakes
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Olympic games?
- 1. every 4 years to honor Zeus (776 BC)
- 2. Location- Mt. Olympus
- 3. Olympiad became the means of dating historical events
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Location of city-states?
- 1. Usually at the foot of a hill
- 2. Fortress at the top of the hill
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Tyranny?
dictator comes to power throuogh violence
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Democracy?
Pure democracy?
- rule by the people
- any male adult citizen could participate in government decisions
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Development of city-states
750-500 BC
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Sparta
- Lifestyle centered on training warriors
- militaristic
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4 ways of training men?
- a) Unhealthy babies were abandoned to die
- b) Taken from home at age 7
- c) Became part of the Spartan army at age 20
- d) Became full citizens at age 30
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When boys were taken from home at age 7 what 3 things did they do?
- 1]Rigorous physical training
- 2]Daily beatings to teach endurance of pain
- 3]Taught to steal to prove resourcefulness
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Training Spartan women?
- a) Chief goal was to become strong mothers
- b) To raise strong warrior sons (“Return with your shields or on them”)
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Government form of Sparta?
Oligarchy (a board of 5 Nobles)
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What was the main goal of the board?
to guard against change (maintain status quo)
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4 Characteristics of Sparta?
- a) Militarism
- b) Isolation
- c) Oligarchy
- d) Glorification of the State
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4 Characteristics of Athens?
- a) Creativity
- b) Trade
- c) Democracy
- d) Individualism
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Influence of Solon? (2)
- a] forbade the practice of making debtors into slaves
- b] Formed the Council of 400 (Representation to al sections of Athens)
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Influence of Pericles? (2)
- he established the rule of the people
- he set up the Delian League
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What is the Delian League?
a Greek alliance to protect against Persian attack
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Most populated city in Hellas?
- 150,000 Athenians
- 50,000 Aliens
- 100,000 Slaves
- 300,000
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when and when was the Fateful century?
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who is the persian king that sought to revenge Athens for her part in the rebellion?
Darius I
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Who won the Battle of Thermopylae?
- Persians won
- Darius I “Master, remember the Athenians.”
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Who is Darius' son?
Xerxes
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What happened when Xerxes tried to cross the Hellespont?
- 1) On two boat bridges (674 boats across 1 mile)
- 2) Storm destroys bridges
- a) Phoenician, Egyptian engineers beheaded
- b) Water is given 300 lashes
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What happens when Xerxes crossed the 2nd time?
- f. Combined Greek armies took a stand at Thermopylae Pass (p63) Herodotus estimated Persians at 3 million.
- g. Persians unsuccessfully attacked the pass 3 times
- h. Greek traitor showed Persians an alternate way through the pass
- I. Greeks fled except for 300 Spartan soldiers
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Who sent a “fake traitor” to Xerxes?
Themistocles (Greek leader)
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where did Greece look for leadership?
Athens
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Greek civil war? and dates?
Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC)
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Peloponnesian War was mainly a civil war between Athens and Sparta. 4 things
- a. Athens had a superior navy
- b. Sparta had a superior army
- c. Early in the war, a plague killed a large portion of the population of Athens.
- d. Sparta replaced the Governments of Greece with oligarchies
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Alexander’s empire extended from...
Greece to India
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Name two facts about Phillip II
- 1. Philip II united Macedonia and conquered Greece
- 2. Philip II showed great tolerance for the conquered Greeks. He appreciated their culture.
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When was Phillip II assassenatied?
336 BC
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Who was king after Phillip II?
Alexander (son) became king at age 20
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What was Alexander’s purpose?
- a. To avenge the Persian invasions of Greece
- b. To become king of all Asia
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Alexander the Great's men?
- 1) His men had been fighting for 8 years
- 2) His army had marched over 11,000 miles
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3 things about Alexander’s death?
- a. He was in depression since his army refused to continue
- b. Died of a fever in 323 BC
- c. He began ruling at age 20 and died at age 32
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Where'd the 4 generals go?
- a. Ptolemy- Egypt
- b. Seleucid- Syria, Persia
- c. Antigonid- Macedonia, Greece
- d. Adrian- Eastern Asia
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What became the univeral language?
Greek
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Suprise!!!!!
this is a random notecard so I can have 50!
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