-
describe 4 levels of protein structure
- 1 amino acid sequence
- 2 coiling and folding of amino acid sequence
- 3 globular shaping of amino acid with R- groups
- 4 added polypeptide units are collected into this Sequence of amino acids and their R- groups
-
4 things prokaryotes and eukaryotes possess
- plasma membrane
- cytosol
- chromosomes
- ribosomes
-
Prokaryotes have
(3)
- nucleoid
- non membrane bound organells
- cytoplasm
-
Eukaryotic cells have
(3)
- DNA guarded in membranous nuclear envelope
- membrane bound organelles
- cytoplasm between nucleus and plasma membrane
-
the ECM are made up of
glycoprotein such as collagen, proteoglycans and fibronectin
-
protein synthesis in the Nuclear envelope or Rough ER
or in the cytosol (free bound) Ribosomes
Ribosomes
-
organelles are connected by vesicles, a network that regulates protein traffice and performs metabolic functions in the cell
Endomembrane system
-
organelles in the Endomembrane system (6)
- nuclear envelope
- ER
- Golgi apparatus
- lysosomes
- vacuoles
- plasma membrane
-
synthesizes lipids
metabolizes carbohydrates
detoxifies poison
stores calcium
smooth ER (4)
-
bound ribosomes called Glycoproteins
transport vesicles
membrane factory
rough ER
-
membranous sacs called cisternae
modifies ER products
manufactures certain macromolecules
packages materials into transport vesicles
Golgi apparatus
-
lysosome is made up
membraneous sac of hydrolytic enzymes
-
perform phagocytosis and autophagy by hydrolysing proteins, fats, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids
lysosomes
-
vacuole types 3
- food
- contractile
- central (plants)
-
perform cellular respiration, a process that generates ATP
mitochondria
-
similarites in mitochondria and chloroplast
- arent included in the endomembrane system
- have double membrane
- contain their own DNA
- have proteins by ribosomes
-
found in plants and algae, are the sites of photosynthesis
chloroplasts
-
2 features chloroplasts have
-
specialized metabolic compartmetns bounded by a single membrane that produce hydrogen peroxide to convert toxins into water
peroxisomes
-
network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm
cytoskeleton
-
cytoskeleton is composed of 3 types of molecular structures
- microtubules - thickest
- microfilaments - thinnest
- intermediate filaments
-
cytoskeletal component that control beating of cilia and flagella
microtubules
-
cells secrete materials out of the cells plasma by ...
- cell walls of plants
- the ECM or extra cellular matrix of animal cells
- intercellular junctions
-
the ECM are made up of
glycoproteins such as collagen, proteoglycans and fibronectin
-
the ECM binds with the plasma membrane through
integrins
-
the ECM offers the cell (4)
- support
- adhesion
- movement
- regulation
-
neighboring cells in tissues, organs, or organ systems often adhere, interact, and communicate through direct physical contact through ...
intercellular junctions
-
types of intercellular junctions
- plasmodesmata - for plants
- tight junction -
- desmosomes - anchoring junctions to cytoskeletons increase flexibility
- gap junctions
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