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Malassezia
Superficial infection
-
Dermatophytes
- Cutaneous infections
- "Tinea" = ringworm (dirt, humans, animals)
- Scalp- treat with systemic meds
- Everywhere else- treat with topical meds
-
Dermatophyte species
- Trichophyton species
- Epidermophyton floccosum
- Microsporum species
-
Non-dermatophytes
- Cutaneous infections
- Candida
- Multiple species cause onychomycosis (nail infection)
-
Subcutaneous infections
- rare, skin diseases by transplantation
- Sporotrichosis
- -not in US
-
Systemic mycoses
All dimorphic fungi except sporotrichosis can cause systemic disease, plus others
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Aspergillus
- Systemic
- Immunosuppressed
- Immunocompetent- can cough up blood, but not bad
- Neutropenia- grows everywhere BAD
-
Candida
- Systemic
- Invades deep and multiple tissues and organs
- Endogenous- breaching of mucosal barriers
-
-
Fusarium
- Systemic mold
- Conjunctivitis
-
Pneumocystiasis
- Systemic
- Immunocompromised
-
Yeast
- Nonfilamentous
- Unicellular
- No true hyphae
-
Malassezia furfur
- Yeast
- Thick walled with short pseudohyphae
- Lipophilic
- Discoloration
- Treated topically or keto? sweat it out
- "spaghetti and meatballs"
-
Mold
- Gram positive
- Non-pigmented aka hyaline
- Fusarium- conjunctivitis
-
Dimorphic fungi
- Found in nature
- Bird/bat droppings
- Yeasts at 37 degrees
- Molds at 25 degrees
- Primary exposure is pulmonary and usually asymptomatic or mild
- Disseminated = deadly
- Geographically restricted
-
Histoplasma capsulatum
- Dimorphic fungi
- Eastern US and Caribbean
-
Sporothrix
- Dimorphic fungi
- Outlier*
- Everywhere
- Soil organisms
-
Coccidioides immitis and posadasii
- immitis = California
- SW and Northern Mexico
- Desert Fever
- Nastiest- BAD infection
- Inhalation of a few spores can cause disease
-
Paracoccidioides
- South America
- Central America
-
Penicillium Marneffei
- Thailand and SE Asia
- HIV positive
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Meningitis
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Listeria
- Cryptococcus neoformans
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