Dr. Tom Test 2 Part 2

• 1. Note location and relative size of supraglottic, laryngeal and tracheal structures
• 2. Note movement of vocal folds as pitch, loudness and register change; movement associated with articulation

• 1. glottal closure configuration: complete? incomplete? posterior glottal gap? hourglass?
• 2. horizontal excursion of vocal folds aka amplitude of vibration
• 3. mucosal wave
• 4. vocal edge: straight and smooth?
• 5. phase closure: amount of opening gesture vs. closing gesture
• 6. phase symmetry: L & R symmetry during vibration?

• 1. F₀ charateristics
• 2. I₀ characteristics
• 3. spectral characteristics -- perceived voice quality
• 4. timing/duration characteristics
• 5. harmonics/noise ratio
• 6. pertrubation

Measure of ratio of energy in fundamental and harmonics to energy in aperiodic component of the voice signal

lower

harmonic÷ noise

• 1. electroglottography
• 2. electromyography
• 3. inductive pletysmography

noninvasive technique for obtaining an estimate of vocal fold contact patterns during phonation

increased

• 1. diagnostic baseline vibration pattern and biofeedback in attempting to change contact pattern (adduction level)
• 2. non-invasive

• May be difficult to obtain in:
• 1. children
• 2. adults with lots of neck tissues superficial to thyroid cartilages

• 1. for gross motor tension in facial or neck area associated with hyperfunctional phonation
• 2. to study contraction in specific muscles during various phonatory/swallowing behaviors, also used to verify muscle location for botox injections

• 1. surface electrodes: senses summed electrical activity associated with muscles contracting beneath it
• 2. intramuscular: senses electrical activity associated with contraction of muscle/muscle motor unit in which it has been inserted

• Inductive plethysmography employs sensors to measure changes in a crosssectional
• area of the RC and abdominal (AB) compartments during a respiratory and cardiac
• cycle.

A test measuring lung function, specifically the measurement of the amount (volume) and/or speed (flow) of air that can be inhaled and exhaled.

instrument used by doctors to determine the lung volume of patients. It uses the principle of displacement to measure the amount of air the lungs can hold.

• 1. subglottal pressure
• 2. glottal airflow
• 3. inverse filtered airflow
• 4. glottal resistance
• 5. lung volume

• direct tracheal pressure
• related to intensity, adequacy of pulmonary effort for initiating and sustaining phonation

• measured at mouth with pneumotachometer
• low frequency measure of total airflow expelled during phonation

total airflow - vocal tract contribution (F₁, F₂) = estimated airflow above glottis

device that allows clinician to know relative lung volume (in terms of percentage of total vital capacity) at any point during phonation

phonotrauma

not enough glottal closure

Best voice with the least cost

• Discuss stressful situations
• Create hierarchies
• Teach behavioral approaches to minimize symptoms -- easier voice
• Counsel, don't reprimand
• Develop action plan to meet goals