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Know how the growth rates in various ethnic groups compare
Children of African descent are tallest, then Europeans, Asians, and Latinos
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Understand the eating habits of young children
Apetite decreases between ages 2-6
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Know what lateralization means
Sideness: One side of brain is dominant for each activity
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Know the difference between gross motor skills and fine motor skills
- Gross: Large body movements (improve drastically)
- Fine: Small body movements (hard to master)
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Understand the just right stage
Have things done in certain way, preference of clothes, prefer certain foods
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Understand how the brain continues to mature
- Age 2: 75% of brain weight
- Age 5: 90% of brain weight
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Understand Piaget's terms: Centration, egocentrism, focus of appearance, static reasoning, and irreversibility
Centration: The tendency to focus on one aspect of a situation to the exclusion of all others.
Egocentrism: A particular type of centration, literally self-centeredness. To contemplate the world exclusively from one's own personal perspective
Focus of Appearance: Preoperational thought. A girl given a short haircut might worry that she has turned into a boy. In preoperational thought, a thing is whatever it appears to be.
Static Reasoning: Assuming that the world is unchanging, always in the state in which they currnetly encounter it
Irreversibility: Preoperational thinkers fail to recognize that reversing a process sometimes restores whatever existed before
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Know how children use private speech
Talk outloud to themselves to review, decide, and explain events
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Understand what guided participation means
The process by which people learn from others who guide their experience and explorations
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What is Theory-Theory?
The idea that children attempt to explain everything they see and hear by constructing theories
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Know what fast mapping is
The speedy way of which children learn new words by mentally charting them into catogories according to their meaning
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Know Erikson's stage for the play years
Initiative vs. guilt
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What is emotional regulation?
Ability to control when and how emotions are expressed
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Know the types of aggression
- Instrumental- get or keep something
- Reactive- retaliation
- Bullying- repeat
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Know Baumrind's Three Patterns of Parenting
- Authoritarian: Parents word is law, children are anxious
- Permissive: Parents make few demands, children are immature
- Authoritive: Set limits and enforce rules, children are happy
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Know the typical growht rates for children in the school years
- 6-11 (2-3 in and 5-7 lb/yr)
- Girls gain fat at 9, smaller/lighter until age 9. Bones lengthen
- Boys gain muscle
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What is reaction time?
The time it takes to respond to a stimulus
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What is automatization?
Process in which repitition of a sequence of thoughts and actions makes the sequence routine, so that it no longer requires conscious thought
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Understand how the Flynn Effect is changing standardized tests
Rise in IQ scores over ages. Environment affects you
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Understand concrete operational thought and how children's understanding of reversibility improves
Collections of concepts that enable children to reason between 5 and 7
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Understand how Information Processing works
Take in large amounts of information. Search for units of info, analize, and express analisis that others can interpret
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Know what metacognition is
Ability to evaluate a cognitive task, determine how to accomplish it, moniter and adjust ones performance on the task
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Know how children's understanding of the pragmatics of language improves
Young children know names of thousands of objects, and they understand many other parts of speech as well. School-age children are more flexible and logical in their knowledge and use of vocabulary, understanding metaphors, prefixes and suffixes, and compound words.
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Know how social comparisons affect children's self-concepts
Helps them value the abiliteis they have
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Know how peer groups form and change
Egocentrism and social comparison
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Understand Table 13.1 on Kolberg's Three Levels and Six Stags of Moral Reasoning
pg. 336
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Understand the four categories of social acceptance: Popular, neglected, aggressive-rejected, and aggressive-withdrawn
no answer
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