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Students truly understand an idea when they can...
Interpret what they learn and express it in their own words.
Releate concepts to real-world experiences
Find patterens in data collected
Be able to draw inferences, make predictions, construct explanations, and solve problems by applying their knowledge and investigatiive findings.
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Levels of student understanding
Proficient understanding - students use knowledge and skills they have gained in new problem situations.
Satisfactory understanding - students's understanding enables them to succeed with new tasks with only minium amounts of techer scaffolding.
Limited understanding - students succeed on new tasks, but only with teacher and peer support in the form of prompts, hints, and direct instruction.
No understanding - students fail to succeed on new tasks.
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Scaffolding
teacher supply external support that helps learners be successful.
- Set challenging ind interesting learning tasks
- Simplfy tasks for students
- Ask meaningful questions
- Supply necessary information, concepts, and principles for learning.
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Transfer
Using previously learned knowledge in new situations.
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Conservation
REfers to the recognition that if an object or situation is tranformed in some way, there still may be aspects of the objects or situation that remain the same.
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Learning
The construction of knowledge in specific situations.
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Development
Refers to the general growth and change of cognitive structures that allow knowledge and performance capabilitiesbto be exctended form particullar general cases.
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Graphic Organizers
Concept Maps
Venn diagrams
Spider Maps
Webs
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Learning Communities
In tradtional classrooms, students are treated as relatively passive learners who receive wisdom from teacchers, textbooks, or other media. In the community of learning classroom, students are encourged to engage in self-reflective learning and critical inquiry.
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Teachers can build learning communities by:
Allowing students to copperativly work and think together.
Arranging for students to engage in investigative activities in small groups.
Allowing students to scaffold one another's learning.
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Allele
An alternative form of a gene
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Dominant
A gene that almost always results in a specific physical characteristic.
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Recessive
A gene that is usually "masked" or hidden
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Gene
Fundemental unit of heredity
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DNA
The nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all living organisms.
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RNA
Delivers DNA's gentic message to the cytoplasm of a cell.
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Codominant
Situation in which alleles are equally strong
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Chromosome
The self-replicating genetic structure of cells. (humans have 23 pairs.)
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Planning Science Lessons
Select Content Consistant with State and National Standards
Write learning objectives
Select and design lesson activities
Introduce lesson in an engaging manner
Use discrepant events
Present a varity of lesson activities
Field Trips
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Formative Assessment
Gathering assessment information during the instructional process
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Summative Assessment
Assessment at the end of the instructional unit
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Rubrics
Often used in inquiry learning
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Grouping students for learning
Whole class structure
Cooperative Group structure
Pair Structure
Individual Structure
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Whole Class structure
Teacher lectures, demonstrates, or guides the entire class on discussion.
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Cooperative Group Structure
Students work in small groups to collect data and exchange ideas.
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Managing Classroom rules
Establish rules for behavior
Monitor student's activities
Enforce disciplinary consequences when necessary
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Implementing Learning Activities
Teacher preperation
Pre-activity
Distribution and collection of matericals
Beginning the Activity
During the activity
After the activity
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Teaching Preparation
Formulate, organize, and dry run your lesson activities.
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Pre-Activity
Give good working directions, establish grouping, and provide time for questions.
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Distribution and collection of matericals
Establish an efficient method of distribution and collection
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Beginning the activity
Check each group to ascertain their understanding of the directions
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During the activity
Move about the room, don't spend too much timme with any one group, constantly access student behavior.
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After the activity
Make sure students clean up their stations and return matericals to their proper place, help the students to access their proformannces concerning the activity.
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Arctic Tundra
Found in Northern Alaska, Canada, and Siberia
Less than 10 inches of rainfall per year
Land of Permafrost
Up to two months of darkness durung the year
Three months growing season
Home of the mush ox, arctic wolf, brown bear, lemming and ptarmigan
Lichen, mosses, and low-growing shrubs and grasses (1700 kinds of plants).
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Tropical Savannah
Found in parts of Africa, India, Southern Brazil, Australia, and the Everglades of Southern Florida
10-50 inches of rainfall each year.
Six to eight month wet summer season
Frequent grass fires
Elephants, wilderbeests, warthogs, zebras, rhinos, lions, weavers, and giraffes and found here.
Variety of grasses along with acacia and baobab trees (africa).
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Tropical Rain Forest
Found along the equator in Africa, South America, and Southeast Asia
60-160 inches of rainfall per year (evenly distributed)
No seasons - always hot
Home of monkeys, toucans, poison dart frogs, sloths, and lizards
Huge variety of tropical trees and plants
Rain forests are being destroyed at the rate of 80 acres per minute.
Most animals on the rain forest are tree dwellers
There are more varieties of plant and animal life on one acre of the tropical rain forest than all of the other boimes put together.
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Desert
Found in Australia, North Africa, and the western part of the U.S.
Less than 10 inches of rainfall per year
Hot during the day and cold at night
Occasional flash flooding
Jackrabbits, kangaroo rats, rattlesnakes, and gila monsters are found here
Examples of vegitation are short grasses, sagebrush, and cacti
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Northen Evergrren Forest (Taiga)
Found in northern parts of America, Europe, and Asia
10-30 inches of rainfall per year
Long, cold winters, with short, cool summers
Moose, deer, bears, chipmunks, ermine, bald eagles, and woodpeackers are found here.
Many trees including spruce, fur, and pine.
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Artic
Found at the North and South Poles
Land of eternal cold and snow, land of the midnight sun.
Land of the penguin and polar bear
Six months of daylight six months of darkness
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Temperate Hardwood Forest (Deciduous)
Found at mid-latitudes in Europe and the united States
30-50 inches of rainfall per year
Mild summers and mild winters
Bears, raccoons, squirrels, skunks, and coyotes are found here
A variety of trees are found here including: maple, oak, hickory, and walnut
the trees lose their leavves in the fall
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Temperate Grassland
Found in central United States (prairies), Southern South America (pampas), and South Africa
10-30 inches of rainfall per year
Summers are hot and the winters are cold
Animals including bison, antelopes, ground birds, gophers, and prairie dogs.
Vegetation consists of foxtail, rye gress, and buffalo grass.
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