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Latin Christendom
western and central europe
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Justinian
- First great Byzantine ruler (r. 527-565)
- relied on wife's advice
- collection of Rome's ancient laws-Corpus Juris Civilis
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Theodora
- Justinian's wifeactress, daughter of bear trainer
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Heraclius
- Emperor (610-641)defeated Persians
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Muhammad
founder of Islam
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Five Pillars of Islam
- 1. accept and repeat statement of faith (There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet)
- 2. pray towards holy city (Mecca) five times a day
- 3. give to the poor
- 4. holy month Ramadan- no eating or drinking during day
- 5. at least one pilgrimage to Mecca
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Hegira
- Muhammad and followers emigrate from Mecca to Medina (622)
- first year of Muslim calender
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jihad
- Muslim war to spread Islam to nonbelievers
- striving in the path of God
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Hadith
Muhammad's unnofficial bio
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Ali
- cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad
- fourth caliph
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Al-Farabi
- Muslim Hellenistic Philoshopher
- wrote commentaries on Aristotle
- based proof for God's existance on Aristotle
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Ibn-Sina
- AKA Avicenna
- poet, doctor, scientist, philosopher
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Ibn-Rushd
- AKA Averroes
- important figure of Muslim learning
- "[Greeks were pretty close]"
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Gengis Khan
leader of Mongols
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Theodoric the Great
- Ostrogoth ruler of Italy
- preserved much of Roman civilization
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Clovis
- leader of Franks
- wore Roman colors and took Roman titles
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Boethius
- last Latin scholar with knowledge of Greek language and philosophy
- wrote The Consolation of Philosophy while imprisoned
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Cassiodorus
- Latin scholar
- established monastic libraries with Greek and Latin manuscripts
- pushed for higher education for clergymen
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Isidore of Saville
- Spainiard
- compiled enyclopedia- Etymologiae
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Venerable Bede
- wrote commentaries on Scripture
- translated Gospel of John into Anglo-Saxon
- Ecclesiastical History of English People-history book
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Gregory I
- pope (590-604)
- used Roman methods of administration
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Charles Martel
Frankish ruler
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Pepin the Short
- took Frankish throne from father Charles Martel
- gave Lombard's land to church
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Charlemagne
- King of Franks
- brutally conquered much land
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Alcuin of York
- scholar hired by Charlemagne
- given charge of palace school
- expanded schools and libraries
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Louis the Pious
- son of Charlemagne
- tried to save empire but was nearly impossible
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Hroswitha
- German nun
- poet, historian, playwrite
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Adalbero
- Bishop of Laon
- The Tripartite Society
- tripartite-three parts
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