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What is the basic sturctural unit of the body?
Cells
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List the body cavities and the organs in each.
- A. Dorsal------brain and spinal
- B. Thoracic---heart and lungs
- C. Abdominal/pelvic--everything else
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Cell membrane
- The outer covering of the cell (cell wall)
- Encloses the cytoplasm. Enables particles to go in and out
- semi-permible
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Nucleus
Brains of the operation
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Cytoplasm
Fluid inside cell
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Mitochondria
Power or fuel source
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Endoplasmic reticulum
- Transports substances from one part of the cell to another.
- Is a network of tubes and channels.
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Define "energy"
Ability to do work
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Define "metabolism".
The total sum of all chemical reactions
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Which phase is the "building up" phase?
Anabolism
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Which phase is the "break down" phase?
Catabolism
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Which phase requires (uses) energy?
Anabolism
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Which phase gives off (produces) energy?
Catabolism
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List four types of tissue.
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscle
- Nervous
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Which type of tissue forms skin and membranes?
Epithelial
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Which type of tissue forms bone and fascia?
Connective
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Which type of tissue contracts, enabling movement?
Muscle
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Which type of tissue relays electrical impulses?
Nervous
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What are the three types of muscle? Are they voluntary or involuntary?
- A. Skeletal--striated voluntary
- B. Cardiac--both striated & smooth involuntary
- C. Smooth/Visceral--smooth involuntary
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Which systems' organs are lined with all mucous membrane?
- Digestive
- Respitorary
- Urinary
- Reproductive
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Define "tissue".
Group of cells that look & do the same thing.
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Define Organ
2 or more tissues that look alike & do the same thing.
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Define a system.
2 or more organs that look alike and do the same thing
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The maintenance of a steady state within the body's physical and chemical environment is termed:
Homeostasis (Balance)
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A "useful substance" is called a:
Nutrients
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Define "diffusion"
- A movement of a particle. Requires no energy.
- A particle is anything besides water.
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Define "osmosis".
- The movement of water.
- Requires no energy.
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What is the difference between diffusion and active transport?
Active transport requires energy to move particles.
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List a few examples of diffusion in everyday life.
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List the three serous membranes which line the body's cavities.
- Pericardium--covers the heart
- Pleura--covers the lungs
- Peritoneum--covers the abdomino pelvic
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Body system: Integumentary
Function: Protection, excretion, respiration
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Body system: Blood
Function: Transportation and fighting infection
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Body system: Cardiovascular
Function: Transportation, with the heart acting as a pump
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Body system: Respiratory
Function: Obtaining oxygen from the environment and exhalation of carbon dioxide (a waste product)
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Body system: Urinary
Function: Filtration, regulation of water balance and blood pressure
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Body system: Skeletal
Function: Framework and support
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Body system: Muscle
Function: Movement by way of contraction
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Body system: Digestive
Function: Digestion, absorption and elimination
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Body system: Nervous
Function: Provides communication throughout the body
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Body system: Endocrine
- Function: Control, initiate and regulate all body activity.
- (mate system to the nervous system), assist in communication.
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Body system: Reproductive
Function: Propagation of the human race.
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Body system: Special Senses
Function: Vision and Hearing
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Upper Right Region of Abdomen
Right Hypochondriac Region
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Upper Center Region of Abdomen
Epigastric Region
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Upper Left Region of Abdomen
Left Hypochondriac Region
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Middle Right Region of Abdomen
Right Lumbar Region
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Middle Center Region of Abdomen
Umbilical Region
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Middle Left Region of Abdomen
Left Lumbar Region
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Lower Right Region of Abdomen
Right iliac (inguinal region)
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Lower Center Region of Abdomen
Hypogastric Region
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Lower Left Region of Abdomen
Left iliac (inguinal region)
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Which term describes a tumor that is life-threatening?
Malignant
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Which term describes a tumor that is slower growing and not life-threatening?
Benign
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What is the term that designates the spread of a malignancy?
Metastasis
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What is the term for malignancies of the epithelial tissue?
Carcinoma
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What is the term for malignancies of the connective tissue?
Sarcoma
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Osteoma
Tumor made of bone
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Myoma
Tumor made of muscle tissue
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Lipoma
Tumor made of fat tissue
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Papilloma
Medical term for wart
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Nevus
Medical term for mole
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Giloma
Tumor made of nerve cells
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Adenoma
Tumor made of gland tissue
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Angioma
Tumor made of vessles
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Fluid found within a cell is called:
Intracellular
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Fluid found outside a cell is called:
Extracellular
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The study of cells:
Cytology
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The study of tissues:
Histology
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The study of tumors:
Oncology
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The study of blood:
Hematology
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The study of disease:
Pathology
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The study of forms or shapes of living organisms:
Morphology
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List the four major elements of which the body is made.
- Oxygen
- Carbon
- Nitrogen
- Hydrogen
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Caudal
toward the tailbone
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Peripheral
toward the extremities
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Medial
toward the midline
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Supine
lying on back, face up
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Deep
away from the surface
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Superficial
toward the surface
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Proximal
toward the origin of a structure
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Distal
away from the origin of a structure
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Afferent
conducting toward a structure (arrive) ex. veins
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Efferent
conducting away from a structure (exit) ex. artery
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Spinal Region 1st set
Cervical
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Spinal Region 2nd set
Thoracic
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Spinal Region 3rd set
Lumbar
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Spinal Region 4th set
Sacral (sacrum)
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Spinal Region 5th set
Coccyx
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Anatomical Planes - Frontal (coronal)
Plane that divides the body into anterior & posterior parts
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Anatomical Planes - Sagittal
Plane that divides the body into right and left parts
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Anatomical Planes - Transverse
Plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts
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