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Alfred the Great
- -anglo saxon king
- -drove the vikings out of ''britania''
- -named it england (land of angles)
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william the conqueror
- -from n. france (normandy)
- -laid claim to english throne and won at battle of hastings
- -took land from opponents and gave it to supporters
- -centralized power
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henry II
- -english king, french vassel
- -powerful in both
- -sent judges throughout england to punish local crimes, collect taxes, and settle disputes
- -created juries=12 neighbors who answered judges questions on case
- -developed common law
- -uniform law based on precedent
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richard the lionheart
- -fought in crusades
- -national hero
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king john
- -failed military leader
- -cruel, tried to squeeze $ for war, nobles revolted
- -nobles demanded he sign the magna carta (''great character'') before they gave him anymore $
- magna carta
- -first document to limit power of a king
- -guaranteed rights of nobility
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edward I
- -needed $ for war & nobles refused
- -he gave taxing powers to knights & burgesses (wealthy commoners), they were grateful for power & passed his taxes
- -later bishop & nobles joined knights & burgesses to form parliament
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parliament
- -legislative body with 2 houses
- -house of lords
- -bishops + nobles
- -house of commons
- -knights + burgesses
- -power struggle
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louis the sluggard
- -last of carolingians to die off
- -they were dying off already but this was the last blow
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hugh capet family
- -hugh capet controls a busy crossroad-paris
- -he & his descendants spread power & control from paris for next 300 years until they controlled all of france
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phillip II
''Augustus''
- -smart leader
- -expands power to all of france
- -tripled his land by taking land from john softsword
- -increased power at expense of his nobles
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louis IX
- -eventually made a saint
- -ideal ruler
- -increased royal power over nobility by using royal courts to tax, enforce law, etc. (used to be nobles job)=appeals court
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philip IV
- -battled church over taxation
- -included commoners in legislative policy to dilute power of nobility & church (who had previously legislated)--increased royal power
- -created Estates General (parliament)
- 1st church
- 2nd nobility
- 3rd commoners
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england
-kings created parliament to limit power of nobles but parliament will soon gain power against king
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the great schism
- -philip believed french bishops should have to pay taxes to the king but pope said no
- -philip kidnapped pope boniface VIII & held him prisoner who eventually escaped and died a month later
-after boniface died phillip convinced the college of cardinals to appoint a french pope, who moved the papacy to agivnon, france & stayed there for 69 years
- -eventually a french pope visited rome & died there
- -college of cardinals appointed an italian pope who moved the papacy back to rome
- -french are upset & appoint own pope who stays in avignon
- -city of pisa elects their own pope
- -great schism-split in papacy
- -eventually rid of all 3 & appoint one pope who moves to rome
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john wycliffe
- -challenged the church & said jesus was head of church & the bible was the final authority, not the pope
- -called out the church for breaking vows & living with to much wealth
- -burned at the stake
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jan huss
-same as john wycliffe
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bubonic/black plague
- -disease that started in china & made its way to euro. by merchant ships
- -when you contracted it you'd have red blotches & a bruised type ring
- -your lymph system would shut down & you couldnt fight disease
- -spread because of unsanitary living conditions
- -1/3, 20-25 million, people died
- -trade shut down
- -blamed jews
- -they used the jewish law, leviticus, to stop the disease from spreading more, ironic
- -church lost power due to inability to stop plague
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hundred years war
- -england vs. france
- -1337-1453
- -fought over who would be king of france
- -interbreeding btwn. royalty in england & france messed up line of succession in who would be king of france
- -french win & retain control of france
- -england fights civil war following
- -ppl start identifying themselves with country
- -power of kings grew, they become ppl worth fighting and dieing for
- -power of church diminished
- -lost some power to kings & ppl lost faith because of plague, scandals, crusade, & schism
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longbow & associated battles
- -crecy, poitiers, agincourt saw first use of the longbow
- -changed warfare forever
- -before LB, whichever army had more knights on horseback was gonna win the battle
- -it was cheap & could pierce armor at more than 100 yards
- -allowed common person to win in a war against a rich knight
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joan of arc
- -teenage french girl
- -at age 13 had visions of god telling her to lead french army
- -she lead the armies and won at the battle of orleans
- -allows charles VII to become king of france
- -captured by english & burned at the stake as a heretic
- -charles VII didnt try to help her
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explain how the capet family came to power
- -hugh capet controlled a busy crossroad-paris
- -he & his descendants spread power & control from paris for next 300 years until they controlled all of france
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analyze how philip IVs problems with the pope led to a more democratic french government
- -he battled the church over taxation
- -he included commoners in his legislative policy to dilute power of nobility & church and increase royal power
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analyze how the french and english monarchies attempted to concentrate power in the hands of the king at the expense of the nobles or the church
- England
- -kings created parliament to limit power of nobles, but parliament soon gained power against king
- France
- -estates general gives king power over church & nobles
- -estates general eventually leads to overthrow of king
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analyze how the military inadequacies/tendencies of king john & edward I led to a more democratic and inclusive english government
- -they both needed money for war and the nobles refused
- -lessened the power of the king
- -edward let people have taxing power
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appeals court
-could overturn the decisions of local courts
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