Middle Ages Test 2

• -anglo saxon king
• -drove the vikings out of ''britania''
• -named it england (land of angles)

• -from n. france (normandy)
• -laid claim to english throne and won at battle of hastings
• -took land from opponents and gave it to supporters
• -centralized power

• -english king, french vassel
• -powerful in both
• -sent judges throughout england to punish local crimes, collect taxes, and settle disputes
• -created juries=12 neighbors who answered judges questions on case
• -developed common law
• -uniform law based on precedent

• -fought in crusades
• -national hero

• -failed military leader
• -cruel, tried to squeeze $ for war, nobles revolted
• -nobles demanded he sign the magna carta (''great character'') before they gave him anymore $
• magna carta
• -first document to limit power of a king
• -guaranteed rights of nobility

• -needed $ for war & nobles refused
• -he gave taxing powers to knights & burgesses (wealthy commoners), they were grateful for power & passed his taxes
• -later bishop & nobles joined knights & burgesses to form parliament

• -legislative body with 2 houses
• -house of lords
• -bishops + nobles
• -house of commons
• -knights + burgesses
• -power struggle

• -last of carolingians to die off
• -they were dying off already but this was the last blow

• -hugh capet controls a busy crossroad-paris
• -he & his descendants spread power & control from paris for next 300 years until they controlled all of france

• -smart leader
• -expands power to all of france
• -tripled his land by taking land from john softsword
• -increased power at expense of his nobles

• -eventually made a saint
• -ideal ruler
• -increased royal power over nobility by using royal courts to tax, enforce law, etc. (used to be nobles job)=appeals court

• -battled church over taxation
• -included commoners in legislative policy to dilute power of nobility & church (who had previously legislated)--increased royal power
• -created Estates General (parliament)
• 1st church
• 2nd nobility
• 3rd commoners

-kings created parliament to limit power of nobles but parliament will soon gain power against king

• -philip believed french bishops should have to pay taxes to the king but pope said no
• -philip kidnapped pope boniface VIII & held him prisoner who eventually escaped and died a month later

-after boniface died phillip convinced the college of cardinals to appoint a french pope, who moved the papacy to agivnon, france & stayed there for 69 years

• -eventually a french pope visited rome & died there
• -college of cardinals appointed an italian pope who moved the papacy back to rome
• -french are upset & appoint own pope who stays in avignon
• -city of pisa elects their own pope
• -great schism-split in papacy
• -eventually rid of all 3 & appoint one pope who moves to rome

• -challenged the church & said jesus was head of church & the bible was the final authority, not the pope
• -called out the church for breaking vows & living with to much wealth
• -burned at the stake

-same as john wycliffe

• -disease that started in china & made its way to euro. by merchant ships
• -when you contracted it you'd have red blotches & a bruised type ring
• -your lymph system would shut down & you couldnt fight disease
• -spread because of unsanitary living conditions
• -1/3, 20-25 million, people died
• -trade shut down
• -blamed jews
• -they used the jewish law, leviticus, to stop the disease from spreading more, ironic
• -church lost power due to inability to stop plague

• -england vs. france
• -1337-1453
• -fought over who would be king of france
• -interbreeding btwn. royalty in england & france messed up line of succession in who would be king of france

• -french win & retain control of france
• -england fights civil war following
• -ppl start identifying themselves with country
• -power of kings grew, they become ppl worth fighting and dieing for
• -power of church diminished
• -lost some power to kings & ppl lost faith because of plague, scandals, crusade, & schism

• -crecy, poitiers, agincourt saw first use of the longbow
• -changed warfare forever
• -before LB, whichever army had more knights on horseback was gonna win the battle
• -it was cheap & could pierce armor at more than 100 yards
• -allowed common person to win in a war against a rich knight

• -teenage french girl
• -at age 13 had visions of god telling her to lead french army
• -she lead the armies and won at the battle of orleans
• -allows charles VII to become king of france
• -captured by english & burned at the stake as a heretic
• -charles VII didnt try to help her

• -hugh capet controlled a busy crossroad-paris
• -he & his descendants spread power & control from paris for next 300 years until they controlled all of france

• -he battled the church over taxation
• -he included commoners in his legislative policy to dilute power of nobility & church and increase royal power

• England
• -kings created parliament to limit power of nobles, but parliament soon gained power against king

• France
• -estates general gives king power over church & nobles
• -estates general eventually leads to overthrow of king

• -they both needed money for war and the nobles refused
• -lessened the power of the king
• -edward let people have taxing power

-could overturn the decisions of local courts