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Weight that females reach menstration.
48 kg
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Avg age of menopaus
40-58
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Premature menopause
Before 30
-
-
Delayed menopause
After 58
-
Premature menopause....normal or abnormal?
Abnormal
-
Delayed menopause, normal or abnormal?
Abnormal
-
Reasons for premature and delayed menopause
- Endocrine disorders
- gynecologic disorders
- genetic predisposition
-
Surgical menopause
women who have their ovaries removed...sudden onset with many sx
-
Perimenopausal sx
- Hot flashes
- Vaginal dryness
- Irregular periods
- Decreased appetite
- Decreased libido
- Fatigue
- Mild Incondtinence
- Difficulty sleeping
-
Recommended time on estrogen-containing HRT
Not more than 5 years
-
Estrogen containing HRT increased risk of
- Heart attack
- CVA
- Breast cancer
-
If perimenopausal sx continue despite using HRT...
Consider change in dosage or medications
-
Vaginal discharge
May be normal or sign of vaginal infection (especially STDs)
-
Pain of vulva, vagina, uterus, cervix or ovaries can indicate what?
Infection
-
Itching can indicate what?
Infection or infestation
-
Atrophic vaginitis
Dryness, itching, burning, soreness, pressure, white discharge, painful sexual intercourse, bleeding after intercourse.
-
Lumps, swelling or masses in genital area
Possible infection, lympedema, cancer
-
Urinary hesitancy
Burning
Dysuruia
Signs of what?
UTI or STD
-
Urgency can indicate what?
UTI
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Stress incontinence occurs with what?
Increased intraabdominal pressure
-
Stress incontinence more common among?
Older women
-
Why is stress incontinence is more common in older women?
- Muscle weakness
- Decreased urethral elasticity
-
Why are pelvic exams done?
To identify masses, pain or organ enlargement
-
Paps are performed why?
To identify cervical cancer
-
-
HPV prior to 21
Usually clears from the body and doesn't cause cervical cancer
-
21 to 30, how often between paps?
2 years
-
Low risk women with 3 years 3 consecutive negative pap tests
Paps q3years
-
HIV + immunocompromised have a hx of very abnormal paps requireing tx or exposed to DES in utero may need what?
More frequent paps
-
Cervical + hystorectomy due to cancer
Paps until age 65 or 70, discontinues after 3 consecutive normal paps
-
HIV screening should be done anually for all negative HIV women after the onset of...
sexual activity
-
STD Testing for acitve adolescents
Gonorrhea and chlamydia
-
Sexually active 21-24 std testing
chlamydia and gonorrhea
-
24-64 sex active
as indicated by hs and sx or client request
-
STD's increase risk for
- pelvic inflammatory disease
- Infertility
- Ectopic pregnancy
-
hx of reproductive tract cancer
some cancers have a familial compenent
-
wmoke and estrogen increase risk for
stroke and heart attack
-
stroke and heart attack increases in risk after what age?
35
-
HPV + smoking have higher risk for developing
cervical neoplasia/cancer
-
Assymetric labia may indicate
abcess
-
how to palpate bartholins glands
- index finger in introitus and your thumb on labia minora
- milk
- Normal" Glands soft, non tender free of drainage
-
dorsal side of of penis
2 corpora cavernosa
-
Ventral side of penis
Corpus spongiosum
-
-
-
Consists of rugae and cremaster msucle
scrotum
-
scrotal sac separated into two sections by
a septum
-
Each testicle is coverede by the
tunica bvaginalsi
-
tnica vaginalis
separates testical efrom scrotal wall
-
where are the seminiferous tubles located?
Within the lobules
-
Where does sperm production occur?
Within the seminiferous tubules
-
Spermatic cord contains what?
- Blood vessels
- Lymphatic Vessels
- nerves
- Vas deferens
-
Transports spermatozoa from testicle
Vas deferens
-
Where spermatozoa mature
Vas deferens
-
Muscular tube that is continuous with lower portion of epididymis
Vas deferens
-
Travels up within the spermaticcord through the inguinal canal and into the abdominal cavity
Vas deferens
-
Separates from spermatic cord and travels behing the bladder
Vas deferens
-
Joins with the duct of the seminal vesicle and forms the ejaculatory duct
Vas deferens
-
Provides passage for transporting sperm from testes to urethra for ejaculation
Vas deferens
-
How is semen formed?
- Secretions from vas deferens
- Seminal vesicles
- Prostate gland
- Cowper' glands
-
scrotal enlargement may indicate
- hydrocele
- meatocele
- hernia
- cancer
- age
-
Feeling of scrotal heaviness
- scrotal hernai
- Testicular tumor
-
Nocturia may be caused by what?
- Prostate problems or
- excess fluid intake
-
Change in color, odor or amount may indicate
-
Hematuruia
referred for Dr
-
Decreased urin
prostate enlargement or kidney problems
-
Phimosis
non retractible foreskin
-
paraphimosis
- retracted behind the glans
- medical emergency
-
yellow discharge from penis
gonorrhea
-
clear or white dishcarge of penis
urethritis
-
Enlarged scrotal sac may be due to
- hydrocele
- hematocele
- bowel (hernia)
- tumor
-
hydrocele
fluid withing hte scrotal sac
-
dx via transillumination
hydrocele
-
-
Hydrocele is painful T or F
F
-
hydrocele tx
- may not reuqire txx
- outpt surgery
-
Cause of hematocole
truama
-
hematocele is painful T or F
T
-
does not transilluminate
hematocele
-
tx for hematocele
- elevation and bedrest
- may need evacuated
-
inspection of scotum
- spread rugae
- inspect ventral and dorsal sides
- color, integrity
- lesions
-
signs/sx of testicular cancer
hard painles lump on the testicle
-
pain or dull ache in scrotum
testicular cancer
-
bigger/more tender breasts
testicular cancer
-
-
signs/sx of epididimis
- enlarged, reddened swollen
- a/w prostatis or bacterial infection
- Common cause of sudden scrotal pain
-
orchitis
inflammation of testes
-
cause of orchitis
- epididymitis
- gonorrheal infection
- mumps
-
tx for spermatic cord torsion
immediate surgery
-
Voricocle
abnormal dilation of veins of spermatic cord
-
sign of vericocel
feels like bag of worms
-
cause of vericocele
- 98% idiopathic
- varicosities
-
Most common cause of infertility in men
vericocele
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