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What is rule 1 of solubility?
Salts of group 1 metals and ammonium (NH4+) are soluble
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What is Rule 2 of Solubility?
All common Nitrates (NO3-), Acetates (C2H3O2-), Chlorates (ClO3-), and Perchlorate (ClO4-) salts are soluble
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Rule 3 is?
All Halogens except Flourine are soluble except when in combination with Silver (Ag+), Lead II a.k.a. Ploumbous (Pb2+), and Mercurous (Hg22+)
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What is Rule 4?
All Sulfates (SO42-) are soluble except with Ag+, Pb2+, Hg22+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+
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What is the last rule of solubility?
- All Carbonates, Hydroxides, Oxides, Phosphates, and Sulfides are insoluble except with cations from rule 1
- Hydroxides & Oxides only with (Na+, K+, Ba2+)
- Carbonates & Phosphates only with (Na+, K+, NH4+)
- Sulfides only with (Na+, K+, NH4+, Ba2+)
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What acronym can be used to remember rule 5?
CHOPS
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What does CHOPS stand for?
- Carbonates
- Hydroxides
- Oxides
- Phosphates
- Sulfides
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Is AgNO3 soluble and which rule says so?
Yes. Rule 2 verifies it.
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Is Ferric Acetate soluble? Why?
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Will Strontium Phosphate precipitate? Why?
Yes due to Rule 5 which states phosphates are insoluble unless with rule 1 cations.
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Will Ammonium Carbonate precipitate?
No because the CHOPS rule says that carbonates will be soluble with cations from rule 1.
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Name the cations referred to by Rule 1
- Lithium
- Sodium
- Potassium
- Rubidium
- Cesium
- Francium
- Ammonium
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What anions are referred to by Rule 3?
- Chlorine
- Bromine
- Iodine
- Astatine
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Will AgCl precipitate?
Yes...halogens are soluble except when with 3 specific cations
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Will Ferrous Iodide precipitate?
No, it is soluble.
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Will Strontium Fluoride precipitate?
Yes, all halogens except Fluorine are soluble.
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Is Potassium Sulfate soluble?
Yes
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Will Calcium Sulfate precipitate?
Yes...all sulfates are soluble except with 6 certain cations.
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Will Ammonium Hydroxide precipitate?
Yes
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Will MgCl2 precipitate?
No
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