Life long process of learning to participate in group life through the acquisition of culture.
Learning what the expectations of behavior are in order to adjust and adapt
True of False: The nature of humans is shaped by socialization
True
True of False: The nature of humans is shaped by socialism
False
True of False: Nearly all human behavior considered normal and natural is learned?
True
True of False: Nearly all human behavior considered normal and natural is by nature?
False
Without socialization, human infants� _______ is also not able to develop.
Without socialization, human infants� PERSONALITY is also not able to develop.
Harry Harlow conducted what experiment to demonstrate what concept?
(Describe and Identify)
Harlow demonstrated the necessity of socialization with rhesus monkeys in the sense that even starving, the monkeys will go to warm mom without food for comfort.
Describe the similarities among human isolated cases (Anna, Isabelle and Genie)
All three cases lacked a scale of intelligence upon be found
Communication did not exist
Animalistic
How did Cooley and Mead contribute to sociology?
Challenged the prominent belief that human nature is biologically determined
Identify Self-concept
Cooley: an image of oneself as an entity separate from other people
Identify Looking-glass Self
Based on our perception of others� judgments of us
Product of a three stage process that is constantly taking place
Process of Looking-glass Self
What do they see?
How do they react? How do they treat me?
Do I like the way they react? Do I like the way they treat me?
Describe Mead�s Theory of Development of Self
Stated that some people are more important to us than others.
Significant others
People�s whose judgments are most important to our self-concept
Role-Taking
The process which allows us to take the viewpoint of another individual and then response to ourselves from that imagined viewpoint. A cognitive process that permits us to play out scenes in our mind.
Imitation Stage
Begins around 1.5 to 2 years of age
Physical and verbal behavior is duplicated
Play Stage
Children take on roles of significant others one at a time
Game Stage
Children learn to engage in more sophisticated role taking
Can consider roles of several people simultaneously
Generalized other
An integrated conception of norms, values, and beliefs of one�s community/society
Id
Made up of biologically inherited urges and impulses; selfish and irrational; ruled by pleasure principle.
Ego
The conscious, rational part of the personality; balances the Id and Superego; rules by reality principle
Superego
The conscience; contains all the �right� and �wrong� ideas we have learned; all the �should� we have learned from society.
Erik Erikson�s contribution to development
Described developmental stages that occur from infancy to old age
Socialization and personality development are lifelong processes.
Trust vs. Mistrust
First Year
Faith in the environment and others
Autonomy vs. Shame
Age 2 to 3
Feelings of self-control and adequacy
Initiative vs. Guilt
Age 4 to 5
Ability to begin one�s own activities
Industry vs. Inferiority
Age 6 to 12
Confidence in productive skills
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Age 12 to 18
Image of oneself as a unique person
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Age 18 to 35
Ability to form bonds of love and friendship
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Age 35 to 60
Concern for family, society, and future generations
Integrity vs. Despair
Over age 60
Sense of dignity and fulfillment; willingness to face death
Jean Piaget�s contribution to cognitive development
Ability to think, know, and reason develops through interaction with others.
Sensorimotor stage
Age 0 to 2
Preoperational stage
Age 2 to 7
Concrete operational stage
Age 7 to 11
Formal operational stage
Age 11 to Death
Identify agencies of socialization
Family
School
Church
Peer Groups
Mass Media
How Goffman contributed to sociology
Concept of total institutions
Total institutions
Goffman; places in which residents are separated from the rest of society
Desocialization
Process of breaking down old norms, values, attitudes and behaviors
Resocialization
Process of learning to adapt to new norms, values, attitudes and behaviors.
True or False: Family is the child�s first exposure to the world.
True
Socialization: Schools
Controlled by nonrelatives
Exposure to objective standards of performance
Encourages to develop loyalties outside of family
Discipline, orderly, cooperative, and conforming
Definition of Hidden Curriculum
Informal and unofficial aspects of culture that children are taught as preparation for life in larger society.
Socialization: Peer Groups
Not controlled by adults
Provide experiences
Teaches people how to deal with equals
Self-sufficiency
Independence
Socialization: Mass Media
Means of communication designed to reach the general population
True or False: Sociologist agree that mass media are not powerful socializing agencies.
False
True or False: Sociologist agree that mass media are powerful socializing agencies.
True
Identify the Marxian View of Media
Workers are exploited by being paid less than they deserve
Consumers are overcharged
Ruling class receives excessive profits
Media is manipulation tool by the ruling
Identify the evidence that the media is controlled by the ruling class:
