-
in a flower, how can you tell a monocot from a dicot?
a monocot has flower parts in 3 or groups of 3, 6, 9.
a dicot has flower parts in 4 or 5.
-
What are the 4 parts of a flower?
-
what is the pistal?
the feamle part of a flower.
-
what is the stamen?
the male part of the flower.
-
what are the 3 parts of the pistal?
-
what is the stigma?
part of the pistal, the stigma receives the pollen during fertilization.
-
what is the style?
part of the pistal, its the tubular structure that the stigma sits atop.
-
what is the ovary?
in the pistal, it is the reproductive organ, and contains the ovule.
-
inside-out, what are the layers of a flower?
-
a plant that is monoecious, is what?
a perfect flower, it contains both men and femaile reproductive parts.
-
a plant that is dioecious, is what?
an imperfect flower, it contains either the male or female part of reproduction. Finding the opposite on a different flower.
-
what is a regular flower?
a flower with MORE than 1 dividing plane
-
what is a irregular flower?
a flower that has 1 dividing plane.
-
what is infloresence?
a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of the main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches.
-
ouside-in, name the layers of fruit?
-
what are the 7 types of infloresence?
- catkin
- compose
- panicile
- umbel
- raceme
- spike
- whorls
-
what is double fertilization and its process?
- the process by which a plant produces a seed.
- a sperm fertilizes the egg and a sperm combines with 2 polar nuculei of the large central cell of the embryo sac.
-
what is a mature ovule?
a seed.
-
what is the process a plant goes through to produce a seed?
- fertilize egg
- egg forms a zygote
- develops into a embryo
- the endosperm forms
- the seed coat forms
-
what is a zygote?
the inital cell formed when a new organism is produced by means of sexual reproduction.
-
what are the 3 ovary positions on a flower?
- inferior
- superior
- intermediate
-
what is a root?
a root is a organ of a plant that typically lies below the surface.
-
what is the first part of the root?
the radicle
-
what are the 3 major functions of the root?
- absorption
- anchoring
- storage
-
what is mycorrhizas?
a symbosis relationship between fungus and roots.
-
what are the 7 parts of a root?
- root hair
- epidermus
- epiblem
- cortex
- endodermus
- pericycle
- xylem vessel
-
what is a root hair?
forms on the epidermus of the root, it absorbs most of the water and nutrients.
-
what is the epidermus of a root?
a single cell layer on the outside of the root, and protects the root from water loss and regulates gas exchange.
-
what is the epiderlem of a root?
it replaces the epidermus in roots and stems of submerged water plants.
-
what is the cortex of a root?
the outermost layer of the root, just after the epidermus.
-
name the 7 layers of a root, inside-out?
- pith
- protoxylem
- xylem
- phloem
- sclerenchyma
- cortex
- epidermus
-
what is responsible for root growth?
the aprical meristem
-
what is responsible for secondary growth of the root?
the lateral maristem
-
what is vascular cambium?
vascular cambium is a lateral meristem, it is the source of both secondary xylem and secondary phloem.
-
what is cork cambium?
is a tissue found in the periderm. It is a lateral meristem and is responsible ofr secondary growth that replaces the epidermus in roots and stems.
-
where is the cork cambium located, and function?
one of the layers of bark, it is located between the cork and primary phloem.
the purpose of the cork cambium is to produce cork, a protective material.
-
where does the branch root form?
the pericycle
-
what is the outermost layer of the vascular cylinder?
the endodermus
-
what controls the flow of water between the cortex and xylem?
the endodermus
-
what distinguishes the endodermus in a root?
the carparian strip
-
besides flower parts in groups of 3, what are 3 other charateristics of a monocot?
parallel leaf veins, buliform cells, and the vascular bundles are scattered.
-
besides flower parts in 4 or 5, what are other charateristics of a dicot?
the vascular bundles are in rings, and the leafs have netted veins.
-
what produces the leaf?
the shoot meristem
-
in a leaf, what do chloroplasts do?
captures light energy, and converts to ATP
-
What are the 3 parts of a leaf?
-
in a leaf, what is the petiole?
the leaf stalk, or main vein
-
in a leaf, what is the lamina?
the leaf blade
-
in a leaf, what are stipules?
glands, scales, hairs, spines, or laminars which are leaf-like structures
-
name the leaf layers from top-to bottom?
- cuticle
- upper epidermus
- palisade mesophyll
- spongy mesophyll
- lower epidermus, which contains guard cells and stoma
- cuticle
-
guard cells are what type of cells?
perynchyma cells
-
what are parenchyma cells?
the working cell, the cells that make up meristems, and have thinist cell walls
-
what cell is the working cell, makes up meristems, and have thinist cell walls?
parenchyma cells
-
what are collenchyma cells?
unevenly thickened walls, still living at maturity, and provides flexible support.
-
what cell has unevenly thickened walls, still living at maturity, and provides flexible support?
collenchyma cells
-
what are sclerenchyma cells?
thickest cell walls, dead at maturity, and provides strength
-
what cell has the thickest cell walls,is dead at maturity, and provides strength?
sclerenchyma cells
-
in a leaf, what is the epidermus?
right below the cuticle, it is the outermost layer of cells, usually lacks chloroplasts and is transparent in appearence
-
in a leaf, epidermus tissue is made of?
- epidermal cells
- guard cells
- subsidiary cells
- sometimes trichomes
-
what is the stomata?
usually on the lower epidermus, surrounded by guard cells on each side, the stomata regulates water vapor and gas exchange
-
what type of cells are the palisades and spongy layer of mesophyll made of?
collenchyma cells
-
what is the role of the mesophyll layers in a leaf?
photosynthesis
-
what type of tissue is mesophyll?
ground tissue
-
what is the palisades layer of mesophyll?
tightly packed, elongated cells, 1 or 2 cells deep, and have more chloroplats than the spongy layer
-
what is the spongy layer of mesophyll?
more rounded cells than the palisades layer, and are not tightly packed together
-
in aquatic and marsh plants, what replaces the mesophyll layers in a leaf?
a aerenchyma layer, thin walls seperated by large gas filled spaces, and the stomata is located on the upper epidermus.
-
what make leaves green?
chlorophyll fround in chlorenchyma cells
-
where are the veins located ona leaf?
in the vascular tissue, mesophyll layers
-
what are leaf veins made of ?
xylem, which brings water from the roots to leaf.
phloem, which removes sucrose provided by photosynthesis.
-
what are the types of leaf placement?
- alternate
- opposite
- whorled
- spiral
- rosette
-
what is a simple leaf?
a leaf with a undivided blade
-
what is a compound leaf?
a fully subdivided blade, each leaflet can appear as a simple leaf
-
if a plant is mesophytic, it has what?
adapted to either very wet or very dry conditions
-
if a plant is hydrophytic, it has what?
adapted to wet conditions.
-
if a plant is xerophytic, it has what?
adapted to dry conditions
-
what are the organs of a plant?
- leaves
- stem
- root
- flower
- fruit
-
what is an atom?
the smallest unit of matter
-
what is a molecule?
2 or more atoms held together by a chemical bond
-
what is a organelle?
a membrane bound structure in a cell that specific functions
-
what is a cell?
basic unit of life
-
what are the 2 types of cells?
-
what is tissue?
a group of cells that have the same function
-
what is a organ?
a group of tissues with the same function
-
what is an organ system?
a group of organs that have the same function
-
what is an organism?
an inividual of a species, with the ability to reproduce and produce viable offspring
-
what is a population?
a group of people or species in the same geographical location
-
what is a community?
a group of different populations in the same geographic area
-
what is an ecosystem?
a group of communities in the same geographic location
-
what are the organ systems of a plant?
root system and and shoot system
-
what are the 4 divisions of plants?
- bryophytes
- ferns
- gymnosperms
- angiosperms
-
what are the types of roots?
- taproot
- storage root
- fibrous root
-
what is the role of the root apical meristem?
grows towards the tip to form the root cap, and away from tip to form body of root.
-
what does the protoderm do?
forms the epidermus
-
what does the procambium do?
forms the xylem and phloem
-
what does the ground meristem do?
forms the cortex in both the stem and root and pith in stems.
-
what are the conducting tissues of a plant?
xylem and phloem
-
what makes up phloem?
it is composed of seive elements, parenchyma cells, fibers and sclereids.
-
where does periderm form?
woody palnts and perennial plants
-
what produces the periderm?
the cork cambium.
-
-
secretory cells are what?
remove waste and secreation of flavors and smells that are useful attractents for pollination and for the consumption in carnivorous plants.
-
the pericycle gives rise to what?
branch roots and cork cambium.
-
what are the parts of a stem?
- main stem
- secondary stem
- node
- internode
-
what are the parts of a bud?
- main terminal bud
- secondary terminal bud
- lateral bud
-
what are modified stems?
- stolons
- tubers
- corms
- rhizomes
- bulbs
-
what are fusiform initials?
they are the mother cells for xylem and phloem
-
what are the layers of a tree, from inside-out?
- heartwood
- sapwood
- vascular cambium
- bark-living phloem and periderm
- periderm-cork cambium and cork
-
in which type of plant tissue would you find sclerenchyma?
vascular tissue
-
in phloem, what is the role of the seive cells and the companion cells?
seive is the main transpoter cell in phloem, and the companion cell supports the seive cells
-
xylem can be made of what 2 cells?
- traciets(small cells)
- veperal(big cells)
- can also have parenchyma cells
-
bundle sheath cells may be seen to surrounded the veins of a leaf, are they parenchyma, collenchyma, or sclerenchyma?
collenchyma
-
which primary tissues develop fromthe protoderm?
epidermus
-
what tissues develop from ground meristem?
cortex
-
what primary tissues develop from procambium?
vascular tissue
-
what are the 5 phases of the cell cycle?
- interphase
- prophase
- metaphase
- anaphase
- telophase
-
what happens to a cell during interphase?
- chromosomes not visible, but nucleus still present.
-
-
what happens to a cell in prophase?
nucleus can be present, chromosomes visible
-
what happens to a cell in metaphase?
the chromosomes are in the middle of the cell, nucleus not present.
-
what happens to a cell in anaphase?
- the chromosomes seperate.
-
-
what happens to a cell during telophase/ cytokinesis?
- chromosomes completely seperated, new nucleus forming, phagmoplast and cell plate present.
-
the area between 2 nodes is called what?
internode
-
what is a tuber?
oblong, rounded shaped, like a potato.
-
what is a bulb?
contains leaf bases or scales, like an onion
-
what are rhizomes?
found underground, sending roots and stems from nodes. like ginger or asparagus.
-
what are corms?
short verticle, underground stem. like a banana plant or water chesnut.
-
the pith of a young stem is composed of what type of cells?
parenchyma cells
-
what is the difference between "hardwood" oak and "softwood" pine?
hardwood contains many fibers.
softwood contains fewer fibers and more vessels
-
what is sapwood and heartwood?
sapwood has active transport. heartwood does not.
|
|
