chem terms for exam 2

lowering the solubiliy of a solid by putting it in a solution that already has one of the ions from the solid in it

2 substances related to ech othe by the transfer of a proton

10^-14

the negative log of the concentration of hydronium ions in a solution;the pH scale is a compact way tospecify the acidity of a solution

a solution containing significant amount of both weak acid and its conjugate base that resist pH change by nuetralizing added acids or bases

• an equation used to easily calculate the pHof a buffer solution from the initial concentrations of the buffer solution assumingthe "x is small" approximation
• pH=pKa+log [base]/[acid]

an ion that contains a central metal ion bound to one or more ligands

a nuetral molecule or an ion that acts as a Lewis base with the central metal ion in a complex ion

an atom,ion, or molecule that is an electron pair donor

a nuetral compound made when a complex ions combines with one or more counterions

• (Kf)
• the equilibrium constant associated with the reactionsfor the formation of the complex ion

ions of an opposite charge that arent acting as lgands(couterion + complex ion= coordination compound)

the number of molecules or ions directly bound to the metal atom

ligands that donate ony one electron pair to the central metal

ligands that donate two electron pairs to the central metal atom

ligands that donate more than one electron pair to the central metal

the differenc ein enery btw the split dorbitals

the crystal field splitting is large

the crystal field splitting is small

if a substance absorbs a color it will reflect the complementary color ex: if it absorbs green it will appear red

the electrons are paired

electrons are unpaired

for any spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe increases

• a fair amount of products made for the amount of reactants used
• doesnt mean fast just means it happens
• it happens on its own

• the sum of its internal energy and the products of its pressure and volume
• (delta H)
• exothermis means enthalpy is negative
• endothermic means enthalpy is positive
• enthalpy is not enuf to predict how spontaneous must also consider entropy