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Created the first digital computer called ABC
Atanasoff and Berry
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Created a computer to break German codes
Turing
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Created memory to hold data and programs
Van Neumann
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Created first large scale general purpose computer called ENIAC for war effort
Mauly and Eckert
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ENIAC
Electronic Numeral Integrator And Computer
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UNIVAC
Universal Automatic Computer
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First commercially available computer
UNIVAC
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Created paper documents idea of higher level programming
Hopper
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Electronic Device operating under the control of instructions stored in it's own memory
Computer
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Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer
Input Device
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Hardware component that conveys information to one or more people
Output Device
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Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that are used to process data
System Unit
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Holds data, instructions, and information for future use
Storage Device
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Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information to and from on or more computers or mobile devices
Communication Device
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Motherboard
Videos Display Adapter Card
Disk Controller Card
Power Supply
Ethernet Card
Disk Drives
Components of the System Unit
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CPU
Central Processing Unit aka Processor
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The electronic unit that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer
CPU
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Consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions
Memory
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VDA
Video Display Adaptor
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Two processor cards on one die essentially like having a dual processor system in one processor or two CPU chips working as one
Dual Core Processor
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A collections of computers and devices connected together, often wirelessly, via communications devices and transmission media
Network
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A worldwide connection of networks that connects millions and billions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions and individuals
Internet
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Hardware component that enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information
Occurs over cables, telephone lines, satellites and other transmission media
Communications Device
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A series of instructions that tells the computer what to do, 2 names
Software or Program
-
Allows you to interact with the software using graphics and icons
Controls how you enter data and how the screen displays information
Graphical User Interface
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GUI
Graphical User Interface
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Programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and devices
System software
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A set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices and allows users to run application software
Operating sytem
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Allows the user to perform maintenance type tasks
Utility Programs
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Can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself
Personal Computer
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Controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network
Provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information
Server
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A large, expensive, powerful, computer that can handles hundreds of thousands of connected users simultaneously
Mainframe
-
The fastest and most powerful computer
Supercomputer
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A special purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product
Embedded Computer
-
A collection of unprocessed items
Data
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5 widely used input devices
- 1. Keyboard
- 2. Mouse
- 3. Mic
- 4. Scanner
- 5. Webcam
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3 Commonly used output devices
- 1. Printer
- 2. Monitor
- 3. Speakers
-
Most used communication device
Modem
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One of the more popular services on the internet that contains billions of web pages
World Wide Web
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Consists of programs that designed to make users more productive and/or assist them with personal tasks
Application Software
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CAM
Computer aided manufacturing
-
Networking project by Pentagon's Advanced Research Agency to allow scientists to share info and to function if part of a network were disabled.
Functional in September 1969
ARPANET
-
Awarded ARPANET grant and known as "father of the internet"
Leonard Kleinrock
-
Created world wide web, html, http and gave it away to the world
Tim Berners-Lee
-
A business that provides individuals and organizations access to the internet
Access Provider
-
A number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet
IP address
-
The text version of an IP address (www.google.com)
Domain name
-
-
translates the domain name into it's associated IP address
DNS or Domain Name Server
-
Refers to web sites that provide a means for users to interact
Web 2.0
-
Application Program that allows you to view Web Pages
Web Browser
-
URL
Unique resource locator
-
Web page file format
HTML
-
Protocol the web is based upon
HTTP
-
Finds info related to a specific topic
Search Engine
-
Classifies Web Pages in an organized set of categories
Subject directory
-
Any application that combines with text
Multimedia
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BMP
JPEG
PNG
GIF
TIFF
Graphics formats
-
GIF
SWF
Animation formats
-
Use of computers to simulate real or imagined environment
Appears as a 3D space
Virtual Reality
-
A program that extends the capability of a Web browser
Plug-in
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FTP
File Transfer Protocol
-
Internet standard that allows you to upload and download files with other computers on the Internet
File Transfer Protocol or FTP
-
Mailing list in an example of a
List Serve
-
-
Provides high speed Internet connections using regular telephone lines
DSL or Digital Subscriber Line
-
Uses fiber optic cable to provide high speed Internet access
FTTP or Fiber to the Premises
-
ISP
Internet Service Provider
-
OSP
Online Service Provider
-
TLD
Top Level Domain (.com, .edu)
-
A Web site that offers variety of Internet services from a single convenient location
Portal (MSN, Yahoo!)
-
A collaborative Web site that allows users to create, add to, modify, or delete the Web Site content via their Web browser
Wiki
-
A business that gathers and organized Web content and then distributes it to subscribers for a fee
Content Aggregator
-
Consists of programs designed to make users more productive and/or assist with personal tasks
Application Software
-
Collection of Data, instructions or information
File
-
File Extensions
- docx=WORD
- xlsx=EXCEL
- mdbx=ACCESS
- pptx=POWERPOINT
- pdf=ACROBAT READER
- html=HTML, EXPRESSION WEB
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Application Software that assists people while performing business activities
Business Software
-
Allows users to create and manipulate documents
Word Processing software
-
Word Processor Leader
Microsoft Leader
-
Allows users to organize data in rows and columns and perform calculations
Spreadsheet software
-
-
A collection of data organized in a manner that allows access, retrieval, and use of that data
Database
-
A row in a column that contains info about a person, product, object, or event
Record
-
A column in a table that contains a specific category of data within a record
Field
-
-
Allows users to create visual aids for presentations to communicate ideas, messages and other information to a group
Presentation Software
-
Presentation Leader
Microsoft PowerPoint
-
PIM
Personal Information Manager
-
Application software that includes calendars, address book, and notepads
PIM or Personal Information Manager
-
ERP
Enterprise Resource and Planning
-
-
Helps users of all skill levels create Web pages that include multimedia and interactive content
Web page authorizing software
-
Web Page Multimedia Authoring Software Leaders
- Adobe Dreamweaver
- Microsoft Expression
- Microsoft Sharepoints
-
Provides a means for sharing, distributing, and searching through documents by converting them to a format that can be viewed by any users (PDF)
Document Management Software
-
Software for engineering , architectural, and scientific designs
Computer Aided Design Software
-
DTP
Desktop Publishing Software
-
Web site that allows users to access and interact with software from any computer or device that is connected to the Internet
Web app
-
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The main circuit board of the system unit
Motherboard
-
The component of the cpu that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer
Control Unit
-
Performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations
Arithmetic Logic Unit
-
Four basic operations of a processor
-
Processor begins fetching a second instruction before completing the cycle for the first
Pipelining
-
1st important measurement of a computer, controls the timing of all computer operations, measured in gigahertz
System Clock
-
Using multiple processors simultaneously to execute a single task
Parallel processing
-
Signals that are continuous and vary in strength and quality
Analog
-
Signals that are in one of tow states, on or off
Digital
-
-
The most widely used coding scheme to represent data
ASCII
-
2nd most important measurement for a computer, consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions and the results of processing the data
Memory
-
Memory that loses it's contents when the power is turned off
Volatile
-
Does not lose contents when power is removed
Nonvolatile
-
Speeds the processes of the computer because it stores frequently used data and instructions
Memory Cache
-
-
Refers to memory chips storing permanent data and instructions
Read only memory or ROM
-
The amount of time it takes the processor to read from memory
Access Time, Measured in nanoseconds
-
A socket on the motherboard that can hold an adapter card
Expansion Slot
-
Enhances functions of a component of the system unit
Adapter card like VDA, NIC
-
Memory cards
USB
Flash memory
-
Allows the various devices both inside and attached to the system unit to communicate with each other
Bus
-
3rd important measurement of the computer, the number of bits the processor can interpret and execute at a given time
Word size
-
An opening inside the system unit in which you can install additional equipment
Bay
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RAM
Random Access Memory (Volatile, Main Memory)
-
ROM
Read Only Memory (Nonvolatile, stores permanent info)
-
A Nonvolatile form of memory that can be erased electronically and rewritten
Easy to update
Flash Memory
-
Any data and instructions entered into the memory of a computer
Input
-
Incorporates comfort, efficiency, and safety into the design of the workplace
Ergonomics
-
An input device that allows a user to control a pointer on a screen
Pointing Device
-
The number of horizontal and vertical pictures in a display device
Resolution (The higher the better)
-
Synthetic sound to and from computer
MIDI
-
OCR
Optical Character Recognition
-
Involves reading characters from ordinary documents
OCR or optical character recognition
-
OMR
Optical Mark Recognition
-
Reads hand drawn marks and matches the patterns of light
OMR or optical mark recognition
-
RFID
- Radio Frequency ID
- Uses radio signals to communicate with a tag attached to an object
-
MICR
- Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
- (Checks)
-
Data that has been processed into a useful form
Output
-
Primary source of output
Monitor
-
LCD
Liquid crystal display
-
Display devices that use gas plasma tech and offer large screen sizes
Plasma
-
CRT
Cathode Ray Tube (larger footprint than LCD monitors)
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A printer that forms characters and graphics on a piece of paper without actually striking it
Ink Jet
Laser
Photo
Nonimpact
-
Used to produce high quality drawings
Plotter
-
A printer that forms characters and graphics on paper by a striking method
Dot Matrix
Line
Impact
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The physical material on which a computer keeps data, instructions, and information
Storage Medium
-
The number of bytes a storage medium can hold
Capacity
-
Measures the amount of time it takes a storage device to locate an item, or deliver an item
RAM is fastest
Access Time
-
Contains one or more inflexible circular platters that use magnetic particles to store data, instructions, and info
Hard Disk
-
the process of dividing the disk into tracks and sectors so that the operating system can store and locate data and information on the disk
Formating
-
Number of sides X number of tracks X number of sectors per track X number of bytes per sector
Computing capacity
-
The only source of primary memory in storage
Disk Cache
-
SATA
EIDE
SCSI
Disk controllers
-
Type of solid state media that contains no moving parts
Flash memory storage
-
SSD
Solid State Drives (Flash Memory)
-
A removable flash memory device that you insert and remove from a slot in a computer, mobile device, etc
Memory Card
-
Keep info secret
Ecryptions
-
Internet service that provides storage
Cloud Storage
-
Storage device that is written an read by a laser
Optical Disc
-
Optical Disc that can only be read
CD ROM
-
Optical disc that you can write but not erase
CD R
-
Optical Disc that is erasable and multisession
CD RW
-
The only type of storage that is sequencial
Tape
-
2 Characteristics of Storage
- Secondary memory
- Non volatile
-
RAID
Redundant array of independent discs (lots of smaller discs actings as one lard disc)
-
Consists of special purpose chips that control the transfer of data and instructions from a disc, etc, to the computer
Disc controller
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