PSY Chapter 6 Study Guide

Consciousness:

Circadiam rhythm:

Light/dark outside and sleep wake cycle

Hypothalamus

Stage 1: Light sleep

Stage 2: sleep spindles

Stage 3 & 4: Delta waves roll in

Non-REM Sleep: any of the stages of sleep that do not include REM, much deeper sleep, more restful kind of sleep, in non-REM sleep the person’s body is free to move around

REM ( rapid eye movement): stage of sleep in which the eyes move rapidly under the eyelids and the person is typically experiencing a dream, REM sleep is a relatively active type of sleep when most of a person’s dreaming takes place, the voluntary muscles are inhibited, meaning that the person in REM sleep moves very little

The first stage of sleep occurs when you first go to bed. You enter a restful state in which you are mostly asleep, but are still easy to wake. Your eyes will move slowly as you drift in a semiconscious state. Sometimes sleepers will experience "sleep starts" where sudden contractions of the muscles, called hypnic myoclonia or myoclonic jerks, cause a feeling of falling. As you drift into sleep your brain waves slow even further than while relaxing, drifting into a slower frequency, higher amplitude wave called a Theta wave. Usually stage 1 sleep does not last very long.

Stage 2 sleep is deeper than stage 1. Your eyes stop moving and your brain waves slow down. Occasional bursts of fast brain activity called sleep spindles and periods of greater wave amplitude called K complexes are typical of stage 2 sleep. Most of the brain waves are Theta waves in stage 2 sleep. Like stage 1 sleep, stage 2 sleep does not last more than a few minutes.

As you drift deeper into sleep your brain will settle into a slow pattern with a high amplitude called Delta waves. This is the beginning of deep sleep. Your body is restful, your eyes are still, and you are deeply asleep. In stage 3 sleep just under 50% of your brain waves are Delta waves, with spikes of higher activity in between the quieter periods.

Much like stage 3, this stage is characterized by Delta wave brain activity. Over 50% of your brain waves are Delta waves, but occasional bursts of higher activity still occur. It is very difficult to rouse a person from stage 4 sleep. Interestingly, it is during stage 4 sleep that most cases of sleepwalking, night terrors, and even bedwetting occur. Stage 4 sleeps lasts the longest in the early part of the night, but gradually decreases in length as the night progresses, until it nearly disappears by early morning.

• REM
• dreams tend to be more vivid, more detailed, longer, and more bizarre than the dreams of NREM sleep.
• NREM
• dreams tend to be more like thoughts about daily occurrences and far shorter than REM dreams

REM paralysis:

Become paranoid, seemingly mentally ill from lack of this one stage of sleep.

A person will experience greatly increased amounts of REM sleep the next night

Which the person stops breathing for nearly half a minute or more. Obesity people

The inability to get to sleep, stay asleep, or get a good quality of sleep

occurring during deep sleep, an episode of moving around in one’s sleep

Relatively rare disorder in which the person experiences extreme fear and screams or runs around during deep sleep without waking fully

Bad dreams occurring during REM sleep

Narcolepsy:

Go to bed only when you are sleepy.

Don’t do anything in your bed but sleep.

Keep to a regular schedule.

Don’t take sleeping pills or drink alcohol or other types of drugs that slow the nervous system.