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CRITICAL CARE LAB EXAM
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Identify the indications that a patient needs suctioning.
Course crackles or rhonchi over large airways
Moist cough
Increase in peak inspiratory pressure on mechanical ventilation
Restlessness or agitation if accompanied by a decrease in O2 saturation
What is the purpose of an
oropharyngeal airway?
Maintain airway in unconscious patient
Use as a bite block for patients with ET tubes
What is the purpose of a
Nasopharyngeal (nasal trumpet) airway?
Facilitates suctioning in semi-conscious/conscious patients
What is the purpose for
Endotracheal Tubes?
Provide stabilization of airway
Ensure proper ventilation via mechanical ventilator
Facilitate removal of secretions
What are the
Advantages
of
Oral ET Tubes?
Can be rapidly inserted in an Emergency Situation
A larger diameter tube can be used, resulting in reduced work of breathing because there is less airway resistance
What are the
disadvantages
of
Oral ET Tubes?
Difficult to place if head and neck mobility are limited
Salivation is increased and swallowing is difficult
A bite block or oral airway may be needed to prevent patient from biting the tube
Mouth care is difficult
Larger tubes can cause laryngeal trauma
Pressure on lips can cause decubiti/necrosis
What are the
Advantages
of
Nasal ET Tubes?
More stable than oral tubes; more difficult to dislodge
Can be placed "blindly", without visualization of the larynx
Mouth care can be easily performed; a bite block is not needed
What are the
disadvantage
s of
Nasal ET Tubes?
Nasal tubes kink (bend) more than oral tubes
Increased WOB because of greater airway resistance
Suctioning and secretion removal are more difficult
Nasal tubes have been linked with increased sinus infection incidence
Pressure on nares can cause decubiti/necrosis
What are the Side Effects of Epinephrine?
Palpitations
Hypertension (increased BP)
What are the side effects of Atropine?
Headache
Dizziness
Increased or Decreased BP
V-Tach
V-Fib
A-V dissociation
What are the side effects of Adenosine?
Headache
Dizziness
Transient Facial Flushing
Dyspnea
What are the side effects of Amiodarone?
Muscle Weakness
Fatigue
Dizziness
Hypotension (Low BP)
Corneal Microdeposits
What are the side effects of Vasopressin?
Increased BP
Bradycardia
Heart Block
Nausea & vomiting
Tremor
What are the side effects of Lidocaine?
Confusion
Difficulty breathing/swallowing
What are the side effects of Procainamide?
Agranulocytosis with repeated use
V-Fib
Hypotension
What are the side effects of Magnesium Sulfate?
3rd degree heart block
Respiratory paralysis
What are the side effects of Diltiazem?
Headache
Hypotension
Constipation
What are the side effects of Dopamine?
Hypertension
Tachycardia
Severe tissue damage with extravasation / IV infiltration
What are the side effects of Dobutamine?
Increased HR
Increased BP
Anginal Pain
What are the side effects of Calcium Chloride?
Decreased BP
Bradycardia
Cardiac arrest with rapid infusion
What are the side effects of Isoproterenol (Isuprel)?
Ventricular arrhythmias
Severe tissue damage with extravasation
What drug is used to treat acute pulmonary edema?
Lasix
What drug improves myocardial contractility and is used in the treatment of HF?
Dobutamine
Name an emergency condition in which Epinephrine should be used?
Asystole
What drug must be infused in a glass IV bottle with special tubing?
Nitroglycerine
What drug is used to restore cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest through stimulation of both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors?
Epinephrine
What drug is second-line for ventricular ectopy?
Lidocaine
What drug is a narcotic analgesic which reduces myocardial oxygen requirements?
Morphine
What drug is an alternate second-line choice to Lidocaine in suppressing ventricular tachycardia?
Pronestyl
What CCB is used for treatment of atrial tachydysrhythmia?
Diltiazem (Cardizem)
What drug is a potent vasodilator used to lower systemic vascular resistance (BP)?
Nipride
What pure alpha agonist is used to maintain BP?
Levophed
Positive inotrope drug which has a range of effects, depending on dose?
Dopamine
Characteristics of Lidocaine Toxicity.
Muscle twitching
slurred speech
Paresthesias
What drug is given in instances of bradycardia accompanied by hypotension or PVCs?
Atropine
What drug is utilized in suspected hypoxemia of any cause?
Oxygen
What is an alternate route for several Arrest Drugs?
Endotracheal tube
What drug should be given with caution if given at the same time as IV diltiazem (Cardizem)?
Inderal
What drug is given only in late cardiac arrest after more definitive treatment has been unsuccessful?
Bicarbonate
What drug is used for symptomatic bradycardia unresponsive to Atropine, on rare occasions?
Isuprel
Characteristics of Digoxin Toxicity?
Visual disturbances
A variety of dysrhythmias
What is the first line treatment for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia?
Adenosine
What is Lasix used for ?
to increase renal output
What are the shockable Rhythms?
V-Fib
V-Tach
What are the NON-SHOCKABLE rhythms?
Asystole
PEA
Define Hemodynamic Monitoring?
measurement of pressure, flow, and oxygenation within the cardiovascular system
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Author
darcy11
ID
40866
Card Set
CRITICAL CARE LAB EXAM
Description
CRITICAL CARE LAB EXAM
Updated
2010-10-09T20:15:02Z
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