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CRITICAL CARE LAB EXAM

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  1. Identify the indications that a patient needs suctioning.
    • Course crackles or rhonchi over large airways
    • Moist cough
    • Increase in peak inspiratory pressure on mechanical ventilation
    • Restlessness or agitation if accompanied by a decrease in O2 saturation
  2. What is the purpose of an oropharyngeal airway?
    • Maintain airway in unconscious patient
    • Use as a bite block for patients with ET tubes
  3. What is the purpose of a Nasopharyngeal (nasal trumpet) airway?
    Facilitates suctioning in semi-conscious/conscious patients
  4. What is the purpose for Endotracheal Tubes?
    • Provide stabilization of airway
    • Ensure proper ventilation via mechanical ventilator
    • Facilitate removal of secretions
  5. What are the Advantages of Oral ET Tubes?
    • Can be rapidly inserted in an Emergency Situation
    • A larger diameter tube can be used, resulting in reduced work of breathing because there is less airway resistance
  6. What are the disadvantages of Oral ET Tubes?
    • Difficult to place if head and neck mobility are limited
    • Salivation is increased and swallowing is difficult
    • A bite block or oral airway may be needed to prevent patient from biting the tube
    • Mouth care is difficult
    • Larger tubes can cause laryngeal trauma
    • Pressure on lips can cause decubiti/necrosis
  7. What are the Advantages of Nasal ET Tubes?
    • More stable than oral tubes; more difficult to dislodge
    • Can be placed "blindly", without visualization of the larynx
    • Mouth care can be easily performed; a bite block is not needed
  8. What are the disadvantages of Nasal ET Tubes?
    • Nasal tubes kink (bend) more than oral tubes
    • Increased WOB because of greater airway resistance
    • Suctioning and secretion removal are more difficult
    • Nasal tubes have been linked with increased sinus infection incidence
    • Pressure on nares can cause decubiti/necrosis
  9. What are the Side Effects of Epinephrine?
    • Palpitations
    • Hypertension (increased BP)
  10. What are the side effects of Atropine?
    • Headache
    • Dizziness
    • Increased or Decreased BP
    • V-Tach
    • V-Fib
    • A-V dissociation
  11. What are the side effects of Adenosine?
    • Headache
    • Dizziness
    • Transient Facial Flushing
    • Dyspnea
  12. What are the side effects of Amiodarone?
    • Muscle Weakness
    • Fatigue
    • Dizziness
    • Hypotension (Low BP)
    • Corneal Microdeposits
  13. What are the side effects of Vasopressin?
    • Increased BP
    • Bradycardia
    • Heart Block
    • Nausea & vomiting
    • Tremor
  14. What are the side effects of Lidocaine?
    • Confusion
    • Difficulty breathing/swallowing
  15. What are the side effects of Procainamide?
    • Agranulocytosis with repeated use
    • V-Fib
    • Hypotension
  16. What are the side effects of Magnesium Sulfate?
    • 3rd degree heart block
    • Respiratory paralysis
  17. What are the side effects of Diltiazem?
    • Headache
    • Hypotension
    • Constipation
  18. What are the side effects of Dopamine?
    • Hypertension
    • Tachycardia
    • Severe tissue damage with extravasation / IV infiltration
  19. What are the side effects of Dobutamine?
    • Increased HR
    • Increased BP
    • Anginal Pain
  20. What are the side effects of Calcium Chloride?
    • Decreased BP
    • Bradycardia
    • Cardiac arrest with rapid infusion
  21. What are the side effects of Isoproterenol (Isuprel)?
    • Ventricular arrhythmias
    • Severe tissue damage with extravasation
  22. What drug is used to treat acute pulmonary edema?
    Lasix
  23. What drug improves myocardial contractility and is used in the treatment of HF?
    Dobutamine
  24. Name an emergency condition in which Epinephrine should be used?
    Asystole
  25. What drug must be infused in a glass IV bottle with special tubing?
    Nitroglycerine
  26. What drug is used to restore cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest through stimulation of both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors?
    Epinephrine
  27. What drug is second-line for ventricular ectopy?
    Lidocaine
  28. What drug is a narcotic analgesic which reduces myocardial oxygen requirements?
    Morphine
  29. What drug is an alternate second-line choice to Lidocaine in suppressing ventricular tachycardia?
    Pronestyl
  30. What CCB is used for treatment of atrial tachydysrhythmia?
    Diltiazem (Cardizem)
  31. What drug is a potent vasodilator used to lower systemic vascular resistance (BP)?
    Nipride
  32. What pure alpha agonist is used to maintain BP?
    Levophed
  33. Positive inotrope drug which has a range of effects, depending on dose?
    Dopamine
  34. Characteristics of Lidocaine Toxicity.
    • Muscle twitching
    • slurred speech
    • Paresthesias
  35. What drug is given in instances of bradycardia accompanied by hypotension or PVCs?
    Atropine
  36. What drug is utilized in suspected hypoxemia of any cause?
    Oxygen
  37. What is an alternate route for several Arrest Drugs?
    Endotracheal tube
  38. What drug should be given with caution if given at the same time as IV diltiazem (Cardizem)?
    Inderal
  39. What drug is given only in late cardiac arrest after more definitive treatment has been unsuccessful?
    Bicarbonate
  40. What drug is used for symptomatic bradycardia unresponsive to Atropine, on rare occasions?
    Isuprel
  41. Characteristics of Digoxin Toxicity?
    • Visual disturbances
    • A variety of dysrhythmias
  42. What is the first line treatment for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia?
    Adenosine
  43. What is Lasix used for ?
    to increase renal output
  44. What are the shockable Rhythms?
    • V-Fib
    • V-Tach
  45. What are the NON-SHOCKABLE rhythms?
    • Asystole
    • PEA
  46. Define Hemodynamic Monitoring?
    measurement of pressure, flow, and oxygenation within the cardiovascular system
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Author
darcy11
ID
40866
Card Set
CRITICAL CARE LAB EXAM
Description
CRITICAL CARE LAB EXAM
Updated

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