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Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC)
- focus on understanding how the disorder affects individuals' daily lives and identifying ways to help them participate more full in society
- -considers the manifestation of a disorder and how activities and participation are impacted
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multimodal
- -effective communication
- -people use a combination of communication modalities to meet their inteded communication goals
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complex communication needs (CCNs)
- -term for severe communication disorders
- -emphasizes the importance of speech, language, and/or cognitive abilities for a person's participation in society rather than focusing solely on the disorder
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AAC system
- -four different components that are used to enhance communication:
- -symbols
- -aids
- -strategies
- -techniques
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Symbol
- -something that stands for something else
- -each AAC system contains symbols that are typically classified as either aided or unaided
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Aided symbol
- requires a device or accessory that is external to the body to transmit a message
- Ex:typing a message, drawing a picture, pointing to photographs
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Unaided symbol
- symbols requier only one's body
- Ex: speaking, gesturing, vocalizing, and signing to represent meaning
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Acoustic Symbols
- sounds or tones processed in the auditory system to interpret meaning
- -In AAC systems, usually morse code
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Graphic Symbols
- printed symbols that are usually represented on paper, boards or computer screens
- -Common AAC include photographs, colored line drawings, and orthographic characters
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Manual Symbols
- are produced using the body
- Ex: gestures, sign language, facial expressions
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Tactile Symbols
- can be physically manipulated
- Ex: braille alphabet, other objects
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Static symbols
- do not require movement or change to understand their meaning
- EX: a photograph or illustration
- AAC system uses static symbols might be one in which a child point to photos in a book to request to talk
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Dynamic symbol
- require movement or change to understand their meaning
- Ex: gestures
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Iconicity
- degree to which symbols visually resemble what they refer to
- iconic symbol is very transparent
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opaque symbol
symbol has little resemblance to what it represents
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Aid
- refers to a type of assistive device that is used to send or receive messages
- -aids often supplement natural speech or writing and can augment input of information
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Strategy
- the way symbols are effectively and efficiently conveyed
- -AAC strategies intended to improve message transmission time, support grammatical formulation of messages, and enhance communication rates
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Technique
- refers to the way in which messages are transmitted
- -how an individual selects or accesses symbols
- -2 types: direct and indirect selection
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direct selection
- a direct motor act that is not dependent on time
- -four types: physical pressure, physical contact, pointing without contact, speech or voice input
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Physical pressure (direct selection)
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