-
Developmental Psychology
the study of progressive changes in behavior and abilities from conception to death
-
Heredity(nature)
The transmission of physical and psychology characteristics from parents to offspring through genes.
-
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid, a molecular structure that contains coded genetic information
-
Chromosomes
Thread-like "colored-bodies" in the nucleus of each cell that are made up of DNA
-
Genes
Specific areas on a strand of DNA that carry hereditary information
-
Polygenic Characteristic
Personal traits or physical properties that are influenced by many genes working in combination
-
Maturation
the physical growth and development of the body and nervous system
-
Readiness
a condition that exists when maturation has advanced enough to allow the rapid acquistion of a particular skill
-
Environment (nurture)
the sum of all external conditions affecting development, including especially the effects of learning.
-
Teratogen
Radiation, a drug other substance capable of altering fetal development in nonheritable ways that cause birth defects
-
Sensitive Period
During development, a period of increased sensitivity to environmental influences. Also, a time during which certain events must take place for normal development to occur.
-
Deprivation
in development, the loss or withholding of normal stimulation, nutrition, comfort, love and so forth; a condition of lacking
-
Enrichment
in development, deliberately making an environment more stimulating, nutritional, comforting, loving and so forth
-
Temperament
the physical core of personality, including emotional and perceptual sensitivity, energy levels, typical mood and so forth
-
-
Grasping Reflex
press an object in a neonate's palm and she will grasp it with surprising strenght. The grasping reflex aids survival by helping infants avoid falling.
-
Sucking Reflex
Rhythmic nursing
-
Moro Reflex
If a baby's position is changed abruptly or if she is startled by a loud noise, she will make a hugging motion.
-
Social Development
The development of self-awareness, attachement to parents or caregivers, and relationships with other children and adults.
-
Emotional Attachement
An especially close emotional bond that infants form with their parents, caregivers or others.
-
Seperation Anxiety
Distress display by infants when they are separated from their parents or principal caregivers.
-
Secure Attachment
A stable and positive emotional bond
-
Insecure Avoidant Attachement
an anxious emotional bond marked by a tendacy to avoid reunion with a parent of caregiver
-
Insecure Ambivalent Attachment
An anxious emotional bond marked by a tendecy to avoid reunion with a parent of caregiver.
-
Authoritarian Parents
Parents who enforce rigid rules and demand strict obedience to authority
-
Overly Permissive Parents
parents who give little guidance, allow too much freedom, or do not require the child to take responsibility
-
Authoritative Parents
parents who supply firm and consistent guidance combined
-
Maternal Influences
the aggregate of all psychological effects mothers have on their children
-
Paternal Influences
The aggregate of all psychological effects fathers have on their children.
-
Assimilation
in piaget's theory, the application of exisiting mental patterns to new sitatuions (that is, the new situtations is assimilated to existing mental schemes)
-
Accommodation
in piaget's theory, the modification of exisiting mental patterns to fit new demands (that is, mental schemes are change to accommodate new information or experiences)
-
Object Permanence
Concept, gained in infancy that objects continue to exist even when they are hidden from view.
-
Conservation
in piaget's theory, mastery of the concept that the weight, mass and volume of matter remains unchanged (is conserved) even when the shape or appearance of objects change.
-
adolescence
the culturally defined period between childhood and adulthood
-
puberty
the biologically defined period during which a person matures sexually and becomes capable of reproduction
-
moral development
the development of values, beliefs and thinking abilities that act as a guide regarding what is acceptable behavior
-
pre-conventional moral reasoning
moral thinking based on the consequences one's choices or actions (punishment, reward, or an exchange of favors)
-
conventional moral reasoing
moral thinking based on desire to please others or follow accepted rules and values
-
post-conventional moral reasoning
moral thinking based on carefully examined and self-chosen moral principles
-
psychosocial dilemma
a conflict between personal impulses and the social world
-
ageism
discrimintation or prejudice based on a person's age
-
power assertion
the physical punishment or coercion to enforce child discipline
-
withdrawal of love
withholding affection to enforce child discipline
-
managment techiniques
combining praise, recognition, approval, rules and reasoning to enforce child discipline
-
self-esteem
regarding oneself as a worthwhile person; a positive evaluation of ones-self
-
consistency
with respect to child discipline, the maintenance of stable rules of conduct
|
|