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atom
smallest basic unit of matter
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smallest basic unit of matter
atom
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element
one particular type of atom, and it cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical means
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one particular type of atom, and it cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical means
element
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compound
substance made of atoms of different elements bonded together in a certain ratio
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substance made of atoms of different elements bonded together in a certain ratio
compound
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ion
an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons
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at atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons
ion
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ionic bond
forms through the electrical force between oppositely charged ions
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forms through the electrical force between oppositely charged ions
ionic bond
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covalent bond
forms when 2 electrons share a pair of electrons
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forms when 2 electrons share a pair of electrons
covalent bond
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molecule
2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
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2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
molecule
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hydrogen bond
an attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen
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at attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen
hydrogen bond
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cohesion
attraction among molecules of a substance
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attraction among molecules of a substance
cohesion
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adhesion
attraction among molecules of a different substance
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attraction among molecules of a different substance
adhesion
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solution
mixture of substances that is the same throughout - a homogeneous mixture
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mixture of substances that is the same throughout - a homogeneous mixture
solution
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solvent
substance that is present in the greater amount and that dissolves another substance
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substance that is present in the greater amount and that dissolves another substance
solvent
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solute
the substance that dissolves
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the substance that dissolves
solute
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acid
a compound that releases a proton when it dissolves in water (H+)
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a compound that releases a proton when it dissolves in water (H+)
acid
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bases
compounds that remove H+ ions from a solution
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compounds that remove H+ ions from a solution
bases
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pH
a solution's acidity, or H+ ion concentration
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a solution's acidity, or H+ ion concentration
pH
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monomer
each subunit in the complete molecule
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each subunit in the complete molecule
monomer
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polymer
large molecule, or macromolecule, made of many monomers bonded together
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large molecule, or macromolecule, made of many monomers bonded together
polymer
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carbohydrates
molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes sugars and starches
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molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes sugars and starches
carbohydrates
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lipid
nonpolar molecules that include fats, oils, and cholesterol
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nonpolar molecules that include fats, oils, and cholesterol
lipid
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fatty acids
chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms
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chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms
fatty acids
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protein
a polymer made of monomers called amino acids
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a polymer made of monomers called amino acids
protein
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Amino Acid
molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur
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molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur
amino acid
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nucleic acids
polymers that are made up of monomers called nucleotides
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polymers that are made up of monomers called nucleotides
nucleic acids
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chemical reactions
change substances into different substances by breaking and forming chemical bonds
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changes substances into different substances by breaking and forming chemical bonds
chemical reactions
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reactants
substances changed during a chemical reaction
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substances changed during a chemical reacion
reactants
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products
substances made by a chemical reaction
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substances made by a chemical reaction
products
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bond energy
amount of energy that will break a bond between 2 atoms
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amount of energy that will break a bond between 2 atoms
bond energy
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equilibrium
both reactants and products are made at the same rate
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both reactants and products are made at the same rate
equilibrium
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activation energy
amount of energy that needs to be absorbed for a chemical reaction to start
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amount of energy that needs to be absorbed for a chemical reaction to start
activation energy
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exothermic
chemical reaction releases more energy than it absorbs
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chemical reaction releases more energy that it absorbs
exothermic
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endothermic
chemical reaction abosrbs more energy than it releases
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chemical reaction absorbs more energy than it releases
endothermic
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catalyst
substance that decreases the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction, and also increases the rate of chemical reaction
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substance that decreases the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction, and also increases the rate of chemical reaction
catalyst
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enzymes
catalysts for chemical reactions in living things
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catalysts for chemical reactions in living things
enzymes
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substrates
specific reactants that an enzyme acts on
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specific reactants that an enzyme acts on
substrates
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