MedTermW5

outer layer of heart

• middle layer of heart
• muscle layer

• inner layer of heart
• layer that is in contact with blood

• inflammation of the endocardium
• bacterial infection
• can cause damage to valves

• blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
• thick walled
• high pressure
• exception: pulmonary artery not oxygenated

• a smaller artery
• turn into capillaries

a smaller vein

• blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood to the heart
• thin walled
• low pressure

vessels that carry fluid from tissues that had escaped from capillaries back to blood vessels in the chest, back to the blood

• contain white blood cells
• have immune function

• plasma
• formed elements

• water
• clotting proteins
• nutrients
• waste products

• blood cells
• platelets

• erythrocytes
• leukocytes

help clot blood

• red blood cells
• contain hemoglobin which binds O₂

red

white blood cells

white

• high blood pressure - 140/90 mmHg
• increases risk of cardiovascular disease because it can cause damage to the internal lining of blood vessels

120/80 or lower mmHg

• top number
• highest pressure reached in the arteries with contraction of ventricles

• bottom number
• lowest pressure reached in the arteries before next ventricular contraction

• abnormal increase in the size of the heart
• makes it less efficient

• build-up of plaque inside an artery
• leads to arteriosclerosis
• may cause stenosis

• plaque
• a fatty accumulation

narrowing of the lumen leaving less room for blood to get through

inside of an artery

hardening of the arteries due to plaque accumulation that leads to an increase in blood pressure

• product of the liver
• ideally under 200 mg/dl
• made up of LDL and HDL
• levels determined by genetics and lifestyle

• low density lipoprotein
• should be under 100 mg/dl

• high density lipoprotein
• should be over 60 mg/dl

• should be under 150 mg/dl
• come from refined carbohydrates

• MI
• heart attack
• caused by thrombosis/thrombus
• causes ischemia
• #1 cause of death in U.S.

blockage in a coronary artery

supply heart tissue with blood

lack of O₂ downstream from blockage

feeling of chest pain during MI

• CVA (cerebrovascular accident)
• blockage that occus in an artery supplying the brain
• #3 cause of death in U.S.

• drugs that break down clots
• ie TPA (tissue plasminogen activator)

catheter placed into blood vessel in leg fed up to heart to blockage, inflate balloon to press plaque to sides

cage placed in vessel to hold it open

surgical entry into an artery with a catheter and removal part or all of a plaque

a vein is removed from a leg is used to bypass a blockage in a coronary artery

inflammation of veins often seen in vericose veins

vein

• electrocardiogram
• graph of electrical activity of the heart
• used to diagnose abnormal conditions

abnormal heart rhythm

abnormal heart sound usually due to backflow of blood past a valve

abnormal dilation of an artery

• abdominal aortic aneurysm
• internal bleeding out occurs in less than 1 minute

vessel

widening

aorta

artery

arteriole

fatty plaque

atrium

heart

heart

vein

blood clot

dilated vein

vessel

vessel

ventricle

heart condition

structure, thing