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What is the same for all members of a period?
All members of a period have the same number of electron shells.
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What is the same for all members of a group (family)?
all members of a group (family) have the same # of valence e-
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Define atomic radius.
Atomic radius is one half the distance between the nuclei of atoms of an element.
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Use Ref S, what is the distance between 2 oxygen nuclei?
Distance is 130 pm (2x radius)
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What is the trend for atomic radius as the atomic # increases with in a group?
The trend for atomic radius in a group is that the radius increases.
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Why is there an increase in atomic radius with in a group?
Atomic radius increases as each successive group member has one more e- shell.
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Nuclear charge is synonomous with what term?
Nuclear charge is synonomous with atomic # or # of protons.
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Give the location and charge of each subatomic particle: proton, neutron, electron
- Protons: in nucleus, + charge
- Neutrons: in nucleus, 0 charge
- Electrons: outside nucleus (cloud), - charge
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As atomic # increases with in a period, what is the trend in atomic radii?
Across a period, the atomic radius decreases.
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Why is there a decrease in atomic radius across a period (from left to right)?
There a decrease in atomic radius across a period due to an increase in nuclear charge which pulls the e- cloud in tighter.
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Define ion.
An ion is an atom that has a charge due to a loss or gain of electrons.
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What is produced if the number of protons in an atom is changed?
If the number of protons in an atom is changed, it is a different element.
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What is the electron configuration for a magnesium ion?
2 - 8
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What is the electron configuration of an oxygen ion?
2 - 8
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Which has a larger radius, chlorine atom or chloride ion?
Chloride ion has the larger radius.
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Do metals tend to gain or loose electrons?
Metals tend to loose electrons.
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Define electronegativity.
Electronegativity is the attraction an atom has for electrons in a chemical bond.
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Compare the electronegativity of metal vs a nonmetal.
Nonmetals have greater electronegativity than metals.
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What is the trend for electronegativity with in a group?
From top to bottom in a group, the electronegativity decreases.
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Where are more metallic elements: the top of bottom of a group?
More metallic elements are found at the bottom of a group.
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What is the trend for electronegativity across a period?
The electronegativity across a period increases with an increase in atomic number.
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Which element of group 17 is more reactive?
Flourine (top) is most reactive nonmetal in group 17.
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What is stable octet?
Stable octet is when the valence shell has 8 electrons.
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Define ionization energy?
Ionization energy is the energy needed to remove the outermost electon from an atom.
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Which tend to have greater ionization energies, metals or nonmetals?
Nonmetals tend to have greater ionization energies.
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