Bio H

The activation or "turing on" of a gene that results in transcription and the production or mRNA

The complete genetic material contained in an individual

Genes that code for polypeptide

DNA segment that is recognized by the enzymer RNA polymerase

A DNA segment that serves as a kind of "switch" by controlling the acess of RNA polymerase the promoter

A series of genes that code for specific products and the regulatory elements that control these genes

Clustered arrangement of genes that form an operon

A protein that inhibits genes from being expressed

Code repressor proteins and are locatedsome distance from the operators they affect

A molecule that initiates gene expression

The site of active transcription of DNA into RNA

Sections of a structural gene that are transcribed but not translated

The sections of a structural gene, that when expressed, are transcribed and translated

A form of messenger RNA that cintains both introns and exons

Regulator proteins in eukaryotes

Sequences of DNA that may bind to transcription factors

Development of cells that have specialized functions

Regulatory genes that determine where certain anatomical structures will develop in an organism during morphogenesis

Specific DNA sequence within a homeotic gene

Division of cells is regulated by many genes

A gene that can cause uncontrolled cell proliferation

An abnormal proliferation of cells that results from uncontrolled, abnormal cell division

Uncontrolled frowth of cells that can invade other parts of the body

Code for proteins that prevent cell division from occuring too often

The spread of cancer cells beyond their original site

Any substance that can induce or promote cancer

Grow in the skin and the tissues that line the organs of the body

Grow in bone and muscle tissue

Solid tumors that grow in the tissues of the lymphatic system

Uncontrolled production of white blood cells

Variations in the length of the SNE molecule between known genes

Sequences that can repeat a few or many times in tandem

A technique that quickly produces many copies of a DNA fragment

Artificially made pieces of single-stranded DNA that are 20-30 nucleotides long that must be present for SNA polymerase to initiate replication

Recognize specific short DNA sequences, and cut the DNA in or near the sequences

A technique that can be used to study DNA fragments

Resulting pattern of bands

The process of altering the genetic material of cells or organisms to allow them to make new substances

Results when DNA from two different organisms is joined

An exact copy of a DNA segment, a whole cell, or a complete organism

Item that researchers can clone DNA fragments in

Small Ring of DNA found naturally in some bacterial cells in addition to the main bacterial chromosome

A strand of RNA or sinlge-stranded DNA that is labeled with a radioactive element or fluorescent dye and that can base-pair to specific DNA

A research effort undertaken to sequence all of our DNA and locate within it all of the functionally important sequences, such as genes

An organism's complete set of proteins

Unique spots where individuals differ by a single nuclotide

Combines biological science, computer science, and information technology to enable the discovery of new biological insights and unifying principles

The study of all organism's proteins, including their iidentities, structures, interactions, and abundances

A method that seperates the proteins in a sample into individual spots

A method where genetic disorder is treated by introducing a gene into a patient's cells

Procedure that introduces a nucleus from a body cell into an egg cell to generate an organism identical to the nucleus donor

Repeated DNA sequences at the ends of chromosomes that shorten with each round of cell division

A vaccine made from the DNA of a pathogen but does not have disease-causing capability

The study of ethical issues related to DNA technology