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what does the world ocean do for the environment?
absorbs and stores sun energy. regulates temperature. realeases heat slower than land, and absorbs over 1/2 of solar energy reaching earth, so with this ocean the temperature changes way slower. without it, the temperatures would be too extreme for life.
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how are local temps regulated by oceans?
currents with warm water cause the land they flow by to have a more moderate climate.
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surface currents
- streamlike movements of water that occur at or near the surface of the ocean.
- wind driven and result global wind patterns. don't readily mix, so flow long.
- influence climate.
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deep currents
- streamlike movements that flow very slowly along ocean floor.
- form when cold, dense water from the poles sinks below less dense water and flows toward equator.
- some, like antarctic bottom water, take several hundred years to get to the poles.
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fresh water
- 3% of all water on earth.
- 75% of it frozen in ice caps.
- rest in lakes, rivers, wetlands, soil, rock below surface, atmosphere, etc.
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river system
network of streams that drains an area of land.some are huge (mississippi river system covers 40% of US)
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tributaries
smmaler streams or rivers that flow into larger ones.
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groundwater
- water than sinks into ground and runs through land.
- fulfills human need for fresh drinking water and supplies water for agricultural industrial use.
- less than 1% of water on earth.
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aquiferers
rock layer that stores and allows flow of groundwater.
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recharge zone
surface of the land where water enters an aquifer.
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the highest energy level in the electromagnetic spectrum?
gamma ray
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phytoplankton
tiny plants that floats on water. base of the marine food chain. remove CO2 from the air.
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the 3 forms if UV energy?
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which forms of UV energy make it to earth?
UV A and some UV B
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how does energy from the sun enter an ecosystem?
during photosynthesis
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photosynthesis
- when a plant uses the sun's energy to make sugar molecules.
- plants, algea, some bacteria.
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carbohydrates
energy-rich chemicals that organisms use to caryy out daily activities.
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phtotsythesis chemical formula
6CO2+6H2O+solar energy->C6H12O6+6O2
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chlorophyll
green chemical that helps plants trap sun energy to make coarbohhydrates.
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producer
- organism that makes its own food.
- (Autotrophs)
- grass, fern, cactus, flowering plants, trees, algea, some bateria.
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consumers
- organisms that get their energy from eating other organisms.
- (heterotrophs)
- mice, starfish, elephants, turtles, humans, ants, tigers.
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deep ocean ecosystems
- worms, clams, crabs, mussels, barnacle, etc. live near hydrothermal vents in ocean floor. no sun energy. bacteria make their own food from hydrogen sulfide from hot water escaping from cracks in floor.
- bacteria=producers tha support ecosystem.
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herbavore
- eats only producers.
- cow, sheep, deer, grasshopper.
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carnivore
- eats only other consumers.
- lion, hawk, snake, spider, shark, alligator, whale.
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omnivore
- eat producers and consumers.
- bear, pig, gorilla, rat, raccoon, human, cockroaches.
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decomposer
- breaks down dead organsisms in an ecosystem and returns nutrients to soil, water, and air.
- fungi, bacteria
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cellular respiration
- process of breaking down food to yeild energy.
- occurs inside cells.
- absorb )2 and use it to get energy from food. exact oposite of photosynthesis.
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cellular respiration formula
C6H12O6+6O2->6CO2+6H2O+energy
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who uses cellular respiration?
ALL organisms use it to get energy from the carbohydrates they produce.
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what do food chains/webs and trophic levels tell us?
- how much energy is transferred
- what organisms depend on each other.
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food chain
squence where energy is transferred from one organism to the rest as they eat eachother.
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food web
shows as many feeding relationships possible in ecosystem.
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trophic level
- each step through which energy is transferred in a food chain.
- some energy lost as heat or in cellular respiration.
- 10% of organsisms energy is availible for next organism.
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why are ther fewer organisms as you go up levels?
because energy is lost at each level.
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