Science

absorbs and stores sun energy. regulates temperature. realeases heat slower than land, and absorbs over 1/2 of solar energy reaching earth, so with this ocean the temperature changes way slower. without it, the temperatures would be too extreme for life.

currents with warm water cause the land they flow by to have a more moderate climate.

• streamlike movements of water that occur at or near the surface of the ocean.
• wind driven and result global wind patterns. don't readily mix, so flow long.
• influence climate.

• streamlike movements that flow very slowly along ocean floor.
• form when cold, dense water from the poles sinks below less dense water and flows toward equator.
• some, like antarctic bottom water, take several hundred years to get to the poles.

• 3% of all water on earth.
• 75% of it frozen in ice caps.
• rest in lakes, rivers, wetlands, soil, rock below surface, atmosphere, etc.

network of streams that drains an area of land.some are huge (mississippi river system covers 40% of US)

smmaler streams or rivers that flow into larger ones.

• water than sinks into ground and runs through land.
• fulfills human need for fresh drinking water and supplies water for agricultural industrial use.
• less than 1% of water on earth.

rock layer that stores and allows flow of groundwater.

surface of the land where water enters an aquifer.

gamma ray

tiny plants that floats on water. base of the marine food chain. remove CO2 from the air.

• UV A
• UV B
• UV C

UV A and some UV B

during photosynthesis

• when a plant uses the sun's energy to make sugar molecules.
• plants, algea, some bacteria.

energy-rich chemicals that organisms use to caryy out daily activities.

6CO2+6H2O+solar energy->C6H12O6+6O2

green chemical that helps plants trap sun energy to make coarbohhydrates.

• organism that makes its own food.
• (Autotrophs)
• grass, fern, cactus, flowering plants, trees, algea, some bateria.

• organisms that get their energy from eating other organisms.
• (heterotrophs)
• mice, starfish, elephants, turtles, humans, ants, tigers.

• worms, clams, crabs, mussels, barnacle, etc. live near hydrothermal vents in ocean floor. no sun energy. bacteria make their own food from hydrogen sulfide from hot water escaping from cracks in floor.
• bacteria=producers tha support ecosystem.

• eats only producers.
• cow, sheep, deer, grasshopper.

• eats only other consumers.
• lion, hawk, snake, spider, shark, alligator, whale.

• eat producers and consumers.
• bear, pig, gorilla, rat, raccoon, human, cockroaches.

• breaks down dead organsisms in an ecosystem and returns nutrients to soil, water, and air.
• fungi, bacteria

• process of breaking down food to yeild energy.
• occurs inside cells.
• absorb )2 and use it to get energy from food. exact oposite of photosynthesis.

C6H12O6+6O2->6CO2+6H2O+energy

ALL organisms use it to get energy from the carbohydrates they produce.

• how much energy is transferred
• what organisms depend on each other.

squence where energy is transferred from one organism to the rest as they eat eachother.

shows as many feeding relationships possible in ecosystem.

• each step through which energy is transferred in a food chain.
• some energy lost as heat or in cellular respiration.
• 10% of organsisms energy is availible for next organism.

because energy is lost at each level.