Sociology

People who share a culture and a territory

The scientific study of social and human behavior.

Unintended beneficial consequences of people's actions.

The indended beneficial consequences of people's actions.

An examination of small-scale patterns of society

An examination of large-scale patterns of society.

A target group to be studied

the individuals intended to represent the population to be studied

the subjects in an experiment who are not exposed to the independent variable.

the extent to which research produces consistent or dependable results.

the extent to which an operational definition measures what it is intended to measure.

the disorientation that people experience when they come in contact with a fundamentally different culture and can no longer depend on their taken-for-granted assumptions about life

the use of one's own culture as a yardstick for judging the ways of other individuals or societies, generally leading to a negative evaluation of their values, norms, and behaviors.

the process by which cultures become similar to one another.

not judging a culture buy trying to understand it on its own terms.

the material objects that distinguish a group of people, such as their clothing and jewelery.

a groups way of thinking and doing.

the ways in which people use their bodies to communicate with one another

norms that are strictly enforced because they are thought essential to core values or the well-being of the group.

norms that are not strictly enforced.

a group whose values, beliefs, norms, and related behaviors place its members in opposition to the broader culture.

the values and related behaviors of a group that distinguish its members from the larger culture; a world within a world.

the spread of cultural traits from one group to another.

Ogburns's term form human behavior lagging behind technological innovations.

a people's ideal values and norms; the goals held out for them

a society made up of many different groups

a group of individuals of roughly the same age who are linked by common interests.

the process by which people learn the characteristics of their group---the knowledge, skills, attitudes, values...etc..

the process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors.

the process of learning in advance a role or status one anticipates having.

a position an individual either inherits at birth or receives involutarily later in life

positions that are earned, accomplished, or involve at least some effort or activity on the individual's part.

a status that cuts across the other statuses that an individual occupies

ranking high on some dimensions of social class and low on others

Durkheim's term for the unity that people feel as a result of performing the same or similar tasks.

Durkheim's term for the interdependence that results from the division of labor; people depending on others to fulfill their jobs.

a type of society in which life is intimate: a community in which everyone knows everyone else and people share a sence of togetherness

a type of society that is dominated by impersonal relationships, individual accomplishments, and self-interest.

the degree to which members of a group or a society are united by shared norms, values, behaviors, and other social bonds

people's efforts to control the impressions that others receive of them

the study of how people use background assumptions to make sense out of life.

eithere approval given to people for upholding norms or expressions of disapproval for violating them.

the application of the scientific method to the social world.