events that we describe with phrases such as 'I saw it with my own eyes' or 'hands on'
Empirical methods
Those based on first-hand experiences of the world
Norm
A usual or expected practise
Rationality
Involves adhereing to a system of reasoning (usually standard logic)
Rationalism
A faith that rationality is the best guide to decision making
Empiricism
A doctrine that ascribes superior truth-status to things that have been directly observed or manipulated over things that cannot be observed or manipulated
Distortion
some kind of systematic descriptive area
Confusion
The qualitative version of distortion
Mistaking one thing for something else
Incompleteness
Information that is absent or uncertain
Topical uncertainty
how the researcher is to describe the object of their investigations
Investigative uncertainty
Concerns research questions and hypotheses
Methodological uncertainty
Refers to the design of the study and whether it will serve our purposes
Design uncertainty
The overall method to be used in the study
Internal uncertainty
Whether the researcher can interpret the outcomes of the study correctly
External uncertainty
Whether the study's results can be generalised to another population
Exploratory studies
Deal primarily with topical and investigative uncertainties
Descriptive studies
Focus mainly on investigative uncertainty
Explanatory studies
The prinipcal objects are reasons, causes and interpretations. Concentrate on statistical and intepretive uncertainties