Abnormal Test 2 Ch 4 vocab

an unpleasant emotion characterized by a general sense of danger, dread, and physiological arousal

an individuals tendancy to respond to a variety of situations with more or less anxiety

an individuals level of anxiety at a specific time

chronic, pervasive, and debilitating nervousness

panic attacks that cause ongoing distress or impairment

discrete episode of acute terror in the absence of real danger

a fear of wide open spaces or crowded places

any phobia that is not a social phobia or agoraphobia

an anxiety disorder in which distressing and unwanted thoughts lead to compulsive rituals that significantly interfere with daily functioning

unwanted and upsetting thoughts or impulses

irrational rituals that are repeated in an effortto control or neutralize the anxiety brought on by obessional thoughts

an emotionally overwhelming experience in which there is a real or percieved possibility of death or serious injury to oneself or a loved one

significant posttraumatic anxiety symptoms that occur within one month of a traumatic experience

significant posttraumatic anxiety symptoms occuring more than one month after a traumatic experience

a vivid and often overwhelming recollection of a past traumatic experience

the presence of two or more disorders in one person, or a general association between two or more different disorders

the partof the central nervouse system that regulates involuntary bodily systems, such as breathing and HR; it is made up of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

the part of the ANS that activates the bodys response to emergency and arousal situations

the part of the ANS that regulates the bodys calming and energy conserving functions

a group of subcortical structures involved in the experience and expression of emotions and the formation of memories

a brain structure which registers the emotional significance of sensory signlas and contributes to the expression of emotion

a brain structure involved in the formation of memories

a subcortical brain structure that controls the enocrine, or hormonal, system

a neurotransmitter that inhibits nervous system activity

a nerotransmitter associated with the activiatio nof the sympathetic nervous system

a neurotransmitter associated with depression and anxiety

a part of the brain stem assocaited with activation of the sympathetic nervous system

a subcortical brain structure involved in the regulation of movement

sedastive drugs formerly used to treat anxiety

sedative drugs that treat anxiety by increasing the activity of gammaaminobutyric acid (GABA)

a "second generation" class of antidepressant medications that block the reuptake of serotonin from the synapse; used in the treatment of depression and other disorders

a "first generation" class of antidepressant medication which increases the availability of both serotonin and norepinephrine

drugs that treat anxiety by decreasing the activity of norepinephrine

drugs that treat anxiety by regulation serotonin

learning that takes place via automatic associations between neutral stimuli and unconditioned stimuli

a form of learning in which behaviors are shaped through rewards and punishments

learning based on observing and imitating the behavior of others

two events occuring closely together in time

increasing the probability of a behavior by removing an unpleasant stimuli when the behavior occurs

the weakening of a connection between a conditioned stimulus and a conditioned response

classical conditioning based on an evolutionarily derived sensitivity to certain stimuli that were dangerous in an ancestral enviroment

intervention involving gradually increasing exposure to a conditioned stimulus while practicing relaxation techniques

technique for teaching people to calm themselves by regulating their breathing and attending to bodily sensations

in systematic desensitization a list of feared situations ranging from least to most terrifying

behavioral desensitization training in which the client is actually confronted with the feared stimulus

behavioral desensitization intervention for phobias in which the client practices relaxation techniques while imagining being confronted with the feared stimulus

intense exposure to a feared stimulus

deliverate induction of the physiological sensations typically associated with a panic attack

a behavioral intervention in which clients are incouraged to confront a frightening thought or situation and then prevented from engaging in anxiety-reducing behaviors

exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder for clients whose compulsions are mental processes

a behavioral intervention in which clients suffering from PTSD are encouraged to describe the traumatizing experiences in detail

mental models of the world that are used to organize information

irrational beliefs and thinking processes

a cognitive distortion involving thinking in terms of extremes and absolutes

a cognitive distortion involving the tendancy to view minor problems as major catastrophies

a cognitive distrotion in which people or situations are characterized on the basis of global, not specific, features

a cognitive distrotion in which one wrongly assumes that he or she is the cause of a particular event

a defense mechanism consisting of the forgetting of painful or unacceptable mental content

a defense mechanism in which feelings about someone or something are unconsciously shifted to someone or something else

a phase during normal development when children desire an exclusive loving relationshiop with the parent of the opposite sex

a defense mechanism in which an individual attributes his or her own unacceptable emotions to someone or something else

a defense mechanism in which thoughts occur without associated feelings

a defense mechanism in whihc one action or thought is used to "cancle out" an other action or thought

a humanistic term for patterns of thought and feeling that emerge around salient emotional experiences and are activated in similar situations during adulthood

a brain system involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal cortex that regulates the release of stress hormones into the bloodstream