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Augemtative and alternative communication (AAC)
- -treatment considers the manifestation of a disorder and how activities and participation are impacted
- -focuses on understanding how the disorders affects individual's daily lives and identifying ways to help them participate more fully in society
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multimodal
- -effective communication
- -people us a combination of communication modalities to meet their intended communication goals
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complex communication needs (CNNs)
- -emphasizes the importance of speech, language, and/or cognitiveabilitis for a person's participation in society rather than focusing solely on the disorder
- -what sever communication disorders are referred to
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AAC system
- consists of four different components that are used to enhance communication:
- -symbols
- -aids
- -strategies
- -techniques
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Symbols
- -something that stands for something else
- -classified as aided or unaided
- -can be acoustic, graphic, manual, or tactile
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Aided symbol
- requices a device or accessory that is external to the body to transmit a message
- Ex: drawing a pic, pointing to photographs
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Unaided symbol
- requires only one's body
- Ex: speaking, gesturing, signing
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Acoustic Symbols
sounds or tones processed in the auditory system to interpret meaning
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Graphic symbols
printed symbols that are usually represented on paper, boards, or computer screen
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Manual symbols
- produced using the body
- Ex: gestures, signing
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Tactile Symbols
- can be physically manipulated
- Ex: braille, or teacher holding up a yogurt cup to symbolize snack time
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Static Symbols
- do not require movement or change to understand their meaning
- Ex: photograph or illustration
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Dynamic Symbols
- require movement or change to understand their meaning
- Ex: gestures
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Iconicity
degree to which symbols visually resemble what they refer to
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Opaque Symbol
has little resemblance to what it represents
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Aid
- -refers to the type of assistive device that is used to send or receive messages
- -aids often supplement speech or writing and can augment input of informaiton
- -Electronic (Speech Generating Device SGDs) or nonelectronic (no tech or low/light technology)
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Strategy
- -the way symbols are effectivel and efficiently conveyed
- -AAC strategies are intended to improve message transmission time, support grammatical formulation of messages, and enhance communication rates
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Technique
- the way in which messages are transmitted
- -how an individual selects or accesses symbols
- -2 types: direct selection and indirect selection
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Direct selection
- -a direct motor act that is not dependent on time
- -Four types:
- -physical pressure
- -physical contact
- -pointing without contact
- -speech or voice input
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Physical pressure (direct selection)
- -depression
- -individuals select symbols using a controlled body movement to depress a key or apply sufficient pressure for activaiton to occur
- -can involve a bod part or an instrument attached the body
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Physical Contact (direct selection)
idividuals need only have physical contact with the AAC aid, such as touching a finger to a symbol on a communication board
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Pointing without contact (direct selection)
such as eye pointing
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Speech or voice input (direct selection)
some AAC systems that can be accessed by speech or voice input to activate messages and functions
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Indirect selection
- 3 kinds:
- -scanning
- -directed scanning
- -coded access
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Scanning (indirect selection)
- dual or single switches
- -with scanning a selection set of symbols is presented in a predetermined configuration by either a communication device or a communcation partner
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