Roman World and Western Europe Develops Vocabulary

the belief in many Gods

• belief that spirts dwelled in all objects of the natural world (anything living- animals, plants, etc)
• very common in many different cultures

• each family had their own God to protect them
• these gods were called Lares

scholars/preists that taught the jewish religion

• a spiritual leader who, according to prophecy, would restore the Ancient Kingdom of David
• second comming of God
• most Jews were upset about this claim

• non-jews
• anyone who did not practice the jewish faith

Constantine's (the leader of Rome) declaration making Christianity legal within the Roman Empire

• son of God
• prophet
• originator of Christianity
• some people claimed he was the messiah
• jewish carpenter
• performer of miracles
• TEACHER

• theoretically, Jesus' ruse into the holy spirit
• claim that after you die you will move on to Heaven

followers of Jesus who also taught his ideas

people that go to different places and teach their faith to people

the study of any religion

• any kind of anti-christian behavior
• eventually becomes illegal

give and take, or connection between God and humanity

the idea that God and humans can be perfect with go and eventually go to heaven if they are good

said that the soul and connection with God was more important than the body and its connection with the government

previous warriors who received land from Kings, or past chiefs

• class under kings and nobles
• could own land and had some political rights

• a set of rules created by St. Benedict to govern monastic life
• Became a fundamental pattern for Catholic monastaries

• one of the most effective advocates of both papal authority and expansion of the church
• fully supported the monastic missionary movement
• absorbed Pagans customs

Roman and Christian traditions interacted with German culture to produce this

• Pepin's donation of the lands he conquered to the pope
• created the Papal states

• successor and ruler of the Carolingian dynasty
• divided kingdoms into counties

The revival or rebirth of learning

• mounted warriors that provided protection
• watched fiefs

the name for a piece of land given to a knight by a Lord

• the former noble
• noble became called a lord after giving land to knights

• former knight
• knight became a vassal after being given land by the lord

• the whole practice of vassals runng fiefs and lords controlling land
• social structure, leading up to King

• the primary economic system during the middle ages
• nobles gave peasants the right to work on their estates or manors in return for a fixed payment (usually impossible to reach)

the one third of the manor that the lord kept for himself

• peasants who weren't allowed to leave the land without the Lords permission
• usually didnt have skills unlike other peasants

• one of the people calling for reforms in 900s.
• founded the abby of clung which required the pope to control all monastaries

• the most important ceremonies of the church through wich Christians believed they could reach salvation
• Baptism, Holy Eurcharist, Confirmation, Penance, The Taking of Holy Orders (becomming a preist or nun), Matrimony, and Extreme Unction (Annointing of the sick)

• when duke william of normandy invaded England, claiming the English Throne
• extended the process of establishing royal power

• the book that held all of the data that william collected from the townspeople with a survey
• kept track of everything- taxes, debts, ownership, etc

• foundation to all english law; the laws common to all England
• --->ex:If you steal, you have to pay back the person
• basis of our constitution

• the Great Charter
• John sighned it and agreed to obtain the nobles consent before raising taxes

a representative assembly that gradually evolved over the next several centuries into a two chamber body, the house of lords and the house of commons

the supreme court for the entire realm and expanded its functions

• a meeting between all of the different
• the three classes each had one vote on different topics
• --->topics mostly taxes

a body of bishops chosen for the purpose to choose future Popes

• where the emperor agreed that the pope should invest the bishops of germany with their spiritual authority, but he retained the right ot grant them their symbols of earthly power and to insist that they perform their obligations to him as feudal vassals.
• pretty much pope was in charge of your soul he was your spiritual leader, and king was in charge of your body, he was your earthly leader