-
bacterial cell walls contain this complex polymer
peptidoglycan
-
characteristics of gram negative bacteria
- 1. more complex cell wall
- 2. thin peptidoglycan wall
- 3. outer lipopolysaccharide wall layer
- 4. retain safranin
- 5. pink/red
-
characteristics of gram positive bacteria
- 1. simple cell wall
- 2. thick peptidoglycan layer
- 3. no outer lipopolysaccharide layer
- 4. retain crystal violet
- 5. blue/purple
-
common colony shapes
- punctiform
- round
- filamentous
- irregular
-
common colony margins
- smooth
- curled
- wavy
- lobate
- filamentous
-
common colony surface characteristics
- smooth
- concentric
- wrinkled
- contoured
-
gram staining technique
- 1. crystal violet 1 min
- 2. water
- 3. gram's iodine 1 min
- 4. water
- 5. 95% alcohol solution until almost clear
- 6. water
- 7. safranin 45s
- 8. water
- 9. blot with bibulous paper
-
antibiotic
chemical produced by a bacterium or fungus that has the potential to control the growth of another bacterium; selective
-
clade
group of species, all of which are descended from one ancestral species, representing one phylogenetic group
-
euglenozoan
Trypanosoma levisi
-
Alveolates
paramecium, dinoflagellates
-
stramenopiles
diatoms, brown algae
-
foraminiferans and
radiolarians
-
amoebozoans
amoeba, physarum
-
-
chlorophyta
green algae (spirogyra, ulva, chara)
-
brown algae looks brown because of
fucoxanthin, chlorophyll
-
pseudopedia of radiolarians called
axopodia
-
red algae looks red because of
chlorophylla, phycocyanin, phycoerythrin
-
molecular clock hypothesis
a comparison of DNA nucleotide sequences of different species
-
evolutionary agents
things that interrupt H-W equilibrium
- infinitely large population
- no mutation
- random mating
- no genetic drift
- no natural selection
-
if an object is centered and in sharp focus with one objective, it will be centered and in focus when another objective is rotated into the viewing position
parcentric and parfocal
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